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Example research essay topic: Physical And Mental African American - 2,081 words

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Running head: Preparing the American Teenager for Future Success Name: University: Lecturer: Date: Preparing the American Teenager for Future Success as an Adult Outline of contents Contents Page Abstract 3 First source 4 Second source 7 Reference 12 Abstract This paper seeks to show two different approaches used by two different individuals in trying to solve the problem of preparing the American teenager for life as a teenager. Each approach is discussed for strengths and weaknesses, fallacies of critical thinking, evidence presented in support and underlying assumptions. The first source primarily shows the difference brought about by the teenagers being exposed to a progressively evolving society, as the world becomes more industrialized. The second one compares the difference in background exhibited by all the different racial groups in America, and the impact on the teenagers upbringing. First source Ruth Teeter: Young people web Introduction Teens face changes both physically and emotionally as they grow up. They have difficulty in decision making on who they are, what they want to be, and how to reach their personal goals.

In the process of discovering their identities, they note their interests, what they can do best, their talents, and the choice of people whom they can associate with. Parents need to ensure that the teenager makes the right decision. Evidence In this source the authors explains that in the traditional American set-up young people were used as tools for preserving cultural values and heritage. Both the primitive and the industrialized societies have always taken it as a duty to guide the youth. And by this they expect them to obey all the rules that they impose on them. However the author tries to show the differences between them in the way they bring up their teenagers.

The primitive society uses ceremonies such as initiation ceremonies as a means of transition from childhood to adulthood. The author admits that with this kind of upbringing there are no clear characteristics and responsibility for childhood and no clear expectations from the youth. The industrialized society on the other hand uses a different approach. The author argues that due to advancement in urbanization, mechanization and specialization, teenagers have been exposed to social and economic roles that deny them the chance to prepare for their future. Their creativity and dynamism is killed by the pressures of economic development. Despite the disparities between the two upbringings, the author brings out their similarities.

This is through education, not only in the classroom but also out of class learning, open learning, work study and alternative schools. The author explains that the learning systems were not effective because of increased number of drop out cases. The division into junior and senior schools was not highly appreciated by many people. The development of home schools was the result hence there was no room for social interaction. Employment of young people increased in the recent years. About 50 % of them are employed either part time or full time, although poor people still suffer from unemployment especially those studying in schools with lack of adequate facilities.

Evaluation of the evidence The author brings out the differences in the upbringing of both the primitive and the industrialized. This gives a picture of both the past and the present and a reflection of the future. To him both have failed in bringing a successful youth because the examples in the source give negative impacts on youth. They also limit them from being creative and innovative in their own lives. The author also brings out the similarity in terms of education and employment of the youth. Fallacies The author says the industrialized and the primitive have always taken it as a duty for parents and other adults to guide the young people and expect them to obey rules.

This statement depicts the role of parents negatively. In reality, they are not supposed to give rules to their children but should instead allow them to make their own choices and correct them when necessary. Assumptions In this source the author is not realistic because she concentrates more on the expectations of the teenager in a cultural set up rather than his success. She assumes that a responsible teenager is one who obeys the tradition but teens are known to be independent, creative and innovative. The author uses industrialized to mean the civilized; she assumes that with emergence of industrialization the upbringing of children also changed. Another assumption is that work study is a means of preparing the teenager for the future, yet there is little time for the student to prepare and plan for his future.

Strengths The author realistically brings out the differences in the way things were done traditionally and how they are done now. This gives a clear picture of progress in the way parents shape the youths future. The author points out the negative impact of each set of upbringing, which shows their ineffectiveness. Weakness The author is not clear on what should be done by both sides in order to successfully bring out a successful youth. She uses examples of upbringing, that is the primitive and the industrialized yet there could be other forms of upbringing. The authors limited coverage thus leaves out many other possible scenarios for the upbringing of the American teenager.

Second source: Andrew J. Fuligni and Christina Hardway Preparing diverse adolescents for the transition to adulthood web Introduction The American teenage success is attributed to three aspects: educational achievement, employable skills, and the physical / mental health. There are some major differences amongst the youth of different races within America. The Latino and African American youth are considered less prepared for the future than the whites. Unlike the white the rest are faced with challenges especially poor physical health, behavioral risks, lack of quality institutions, programs and health care resources. Evidence The source explains that for teens to be successful and productive members of the society, there are some required, innate characteristics.

And so the source focuses on the extent to which adolescents are prepared for adulthood by providing them with good education, a good occupation, physical and mental health. It stresses that the three aspects are majorly significant in the success of all American adolescents and that the success of the minority and the Immigrant youth is dependent on these three factors. It suggests that some characteristics found in adolescents in the minority and immigrant youth need improvement for them to access some privileges enjoyed by the white youth. The author describes that the major challenge among the immigrants is that most of them have at least one foreign biological parent.

There is no clear distinction between the first generation (youth born outside America), second generation (born in America but with at least one parent) and third generation (youth with both parents born in America). Statistics carried out on variation development showed that adolescents from Latino and African American are less prepared for adulthood. The major causes are believed to be poor quality education. The author also says the more the years the adolescent receive education the higher the chances for his or her success. Youth from Latino origin reports higher percentages of drop out cases compared to other youth. Employment is becoming difficult for youth from both African American and the immigrant minority.

The reason is that most of these young people dont make it to post secondary education levels. This affects their ultimate, effective skills for the job market. Most of them then end up settling down for low paying jobs which hinders them from becoming successful. In the development of physical and mental health, the minority groups have poor physical health. This explains the reason why they engage in high-risk behaviors. Immigrant youth whose parents were born in America are reported to having poor health compared to other youth.

Statistics from some health organizations such as the Add Health indicate that there are no consistent differences among generations. Other organizations such as the youth risk behavior survey (YRBS) admit that youth from Latino origin have endured long periods of sadness. They are also likely to register high percentage of teenage pregnancies than any other teens. They get little or no access to medical resources compared to the whites. The minority groups depend on low income jobs that merely allow them to get access to medication and other health care services.

Evaluation of evidence The authors explain that in order for a teenager to become a productive and successful adult he requires three main things, a good education, employment skills and good physical and mental health. According to them all American children require the three aspects in order to become successful. The white youth seem to be having all of them compared to African American and Latino immigrants. The author explains that the percentages of youth who register the least numbers of successes are the African American and the immigrants. The reason given is poor education and lack of access to healthcare resources. The authors tend to bring out strongly the aspect of racism, ethnicity and bias.

The white teenagers seem to be seen as more advanced and successful than the others who get equal education as them. Despite the authors allegations there are some successful African American youth and Latinos whose success was because they had an internal drive to achieve. A good example of such a personality is the current president of the United States who is an African American. Fallacies The authors say that all an American youth requires is good education, employable skills, physical and mental health. This statement is not true since the life of a young person needs other factors too to make it a success. The source also adds that these needs apply to all young people which might not be true.

People are different depending on their backgrounds. There are those who suffer from poor education and health services but end up being successful because of their determination. There are also those who get the best of everything when young but end up unsuccessful later on due to lack of determination. The authors also claim that the more time the teenager spends in education the more he or she increases his or her chances of being successful. This statement beats logic. It is not a how much time one spends on education that matters, but rather how much progress is made.

Assumptions The source is unrealistic because the authors base most of their explanations on assumptions. For instance they say that it is believed that youth from African-America and the Latino groups are less successful than other youth who get the same level of education. The author assumes that the reason for lack of success is poor education, lack of employment skills and poor physical and mental health. This may not apply to all cases of failure.

The article is dealing mainly with two examples of teenagers: the African American and the Latino. The veiled implications are that all youth apart from the two are successful, which might not be true. The findings of only two examples cannot be a basis to generalize the others. Besides, the body of the text conflicts with the title. The title requires the authors to give Preparation of diverse adolescents for the transition of adulthood scenarios in general, not just two scenarios as it has in this case. Strengths The source gives the comparison of the major people living in the United States.

This shows how the country is progressing from traditional methods to civilized methods. It also gives the opinions of some organizations with some of the statistics required for example the Add Health and YRBS. This shows that at least the authors did some background research. Weaknesses The source is not comprehensive because it focuses on two examples of communities living in the United States. The authors mentions the first, second and third generation immigrants of immigrants but also explains that there are no clear variations among them. This shows that the authors did not do extensive research on them.

The source assumes that for a teenager to be successful he or she requires only a good education, employable skills and good physical and mental health. Reality requires much more than that. References Teeter, Ruth (N. D) Young people. Retrieved on 19 th May 2009 from web Fuligni, Andrew J and Hardway, Christina (N. D) Preparing Diverse Adolescents for the Transition to Adulthood Retrieved on 29 th May 2009 from web


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Research essay sample on Physical And Mental African American

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