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Example research essay topic: Sierra Leone Colonial Era - 2,427 words

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Culture of Violence (1) In recent years, the notion of culture of violence has been given a negative sounding by pushers of left-wing agenda, as it implies that peoples tendency to indulge in anti-social behavior is genetically predetermined. In its turn, such suggestion does not correspond to artificially designed social myths, upon which the concept of political Liberalism is based. The culture of violence has traditionally been referred to as peoples subconscious acceptance of the fact that resorting to violence is perfectly natural way of solving socio-political problems. It is not simply a coincidence that the more primitive the particular ethnicity is, the more its members are likely to behave in violent manner. The essence of political dynamics in Africa, after the end of colonial era, serves as the best example, when it comes to substantiating the validity of earlier statement. When first European explorers set their foot on African continent, they found it being populated by cannibals, who were never able to advance beyond the Stone Age and who were indulged in neverending tribal warfare.

After the brief period of law and order that were installed in Africa by European settlers, Africans now began regressing back to the natural state of affairs. In other words, African countries, once again became the arena of tribal warfare. The example of Congo, as country ravaged by permanent civil war, is the most illustrative. The article Congo Death Toll up to 3. 8 m, which can be found on the web site of Guardian News, provides us with the insight on the magnitude of humanitarian disaster in Congo, associated with Second Congolese War Six years of conflict in Congo have claimed 3. 8 million lives - half of them children - with most victims killed by disease and famine in the still largely cut-off east. More than 31, 000 civilians die each month as a result of the conflict despite peace deals (Guardian, 2004). This war was being rightly portrayed by Western Medias as such that did not make sense.

Some experts would go even as far as suggesting, that war in Congo can be indirectly linked to countrys colonial legacy and that it is White people that should have been held accountable for the social chaos in Congo. However, the real explanation as to why Congo became engulfed in violence from 1998 to 2003 is much more banal. Congo is artificially created geopolitical entity, because citizens in this country have absolutely no loyalty towards the state, as whole, but only to the tribe, they belong. It is being estimated that there are 250 different tribes in Congo that do not have much in common, except for the fact each tribe considers all other tribes as inferior. After the end of colonial era, the course of events in practically every African country proceeded according to the following scenario: independence, civil war, tribalism as state policy, corruption in governmental institutions, famine etc. This had happened in Nigeria, Uganda, Rwanda, Chad, Angola, Mozambique - the ideology of tribal superiority plagues the whole continent.

Under the colonial rule, the destructiveness of Black mentality was being dealt with by the mean of law. However, once African tribes were granted independence, they began to exterminate each other on industrial scale, just as it was the case, before Europeans came to Africa. Therefore, the term culture of violence is absolutely academic. It is peoples racial affiliation that define who they are and to not their religion, their political beliefs or their education. Therefore, we cannot agree with Jane Margold, who in her article From Cultures of Fear and Terror to the Normalization of Violence suggests that state-authorized aggression is neither equivalent to culture nor a characteristic of a cultural group. The objective reality points out at something entirely opposite.

Robert Mugabe's reign of terror in Zimbabwe serves as very good illustration. Just as any petty African dictator, along with lust for power, Mugabe also had lust for blood. The article Mugabe In A Nutshell, which is available on the web site of The Times, contains an underestimated number of people that were killed on Mugabe's orders, almost immediately after he came to power: Between 1982 and 1985, Mugabe's armed forces crushed resistance from Ndebele groups in Matabeleland and the Midlands, killing more than 20000 Ndebele civilians (The Times, 2008). The resistance, on that part of Ndebele tribe, was only the excuse. Mugabe simply did not like Ndebele, because people from this tribe have longer heads and narrower lips and nostrils then his own, thus reminding him of his racial inferiority.

Thus, it is exactly the culture of violence and even the lack of any culture whatsoever that defines the existential mode of people in Third World countries. (2) One of the most democratic countries in the world is Britain, despite the fact that it is a monarchic state. At the same time, we have peoples republics such as North Korea or China, where citizens are not even aware of the fact that they are supposed to be entitled with certain human rights, because, throughout the millennia, the political form of governing in these countries has been despotism, which corresponds to metaphysical psyche of Chinese or Koreans. Even when they immigrate to America, for example, they refrain from participating in politics in the way Whites, Hispanics or Blacks do. It is only when Chinese are given the opportunity to skin cats and dogs that vitalize them for a while.

Eating human embryos is a commonplace practice in China, just as cannibalism in Africa and Papua New Guinea. The article Cannibalism In China Seemingly Acceptable If Invoked For Health Purposes, which can be found on the web site of Impact Lab, provides us with the insight on cultural uniqueness of Chinese people: The value of life has reached a new low in China as there are reports that the Chinese have been eating infant babies in an attempt to improve their health and beauty. Even though people can afford the human parts there are still waiting lists and those with the right connections get the highest quality human parts, which translates to the more mature fetuses. A male fetus is considered the prime human part (Impact Lab, 2007). Chinese law forbids cannibalism, yet the overwhelming majority of Chinese do not think that there is anything wrong with eating human flesh, which points out to the fact that culture of violence has nothing to do with political oppressiveness or with lack of education, but with very biological essence of people affected by such culture. Therefore, articles like Rosalind Shaw's Displacing Violence: Making Pentecostal Memory in Postwar Sierra Leone, contain anything but relevant information, in regards to what constitutes the culture of violence.

In it, author, who is definitely not being overburdened with intelligence, makes a ridiculous suggestion that preaching good news to Sierra-Leoneans may result in them becoming decent human beings: And by thus re narrating the war through prayer, video viewing, and plays, they learn new forms of forgetting, turning demonic memory into Pentecostal memory They learn to experience their memories in ways that enable them to be worked on, fought, and transformed in the very same way that Sierra Leone's war can itself be worked on, fought, and transformed (Shaw, p. 85). Shaw's article is full of many words that cannot be used in principle, while discussing socio-political reality in Africa. Empowerment, transition decision-making, consensus these are the terms that were invented by Liberal politicians, in order to sound sophisticated, while holding speeches. Therefore, they can be hardly applicable in Sierra Leone, where people eat cockroaches and trees bark just to be able to survive. We can say that it is the fact that majority of White farmers were devout Christians that deprived them of their existential vitality, which in its turn, resulted in Africa becoming engulfed by the social chaos.

These farmers used to consider Blacks as little children who needed help to get their act together, because Jesus preached universal equality. Therefore, they have nobody to blame but themselves that they are now being evicted from their farms by the gangs of Blacks. Jan Lamprechts photo gallery Farm Murders in South Africa (from 1994 -present), which is available on the site of African Crisis, features a few hundred of post-mortem photographs of White farmers and members of their families from South Africa and Zimbabwe, that were being murdered in the most gruesome manner imaginable: people sawed in half, babies set on fire, heads chopped off, women raped and smothered these are the practical consequences of celebration of diversity, African style. In his article Zimbabwe: Liberal Consequences, William Pierce proves that it is spiritual corruption of Whites in Africa that allowed the culture of violence to begin defining the behavior of majority of Blacks, after the end of colonial era: The reason Rhodesia is called Zimbabwe today is that in 1979 the Rhodesian's, under intense diplomatic and economic pressure, decided to let Blacks vote for the next government of Rhodesia. Since there were at that time six million Blacks living in Rhodesia and only 275, 000 White Rhodesian's, this was in effect a decision by the Rhodesian's to commit collective suicide (Pierce). Whether hawks of political correctness like it or not, but the fact is it is only White people who proved themselves capable of installing law and order in countries, where political situation now continues to deteriorate, simply because indigenous people are incapable of understanding of what the abstract principles, associated with Western style of governing, stand for.

There is no even a single example of native people in former European colonies being able to improve their living standards, after these colonies became independent countries. The reason for this is quite simple indigenous people lack the ability of operating with abstract terminology, which corresponds to their inability to progress, in cultural and scientific sense of this word. It is not a secret that the average rate of peoples IQ in Africa is 80, whereas when White person scores 70 during the course of IQ test, he or she is being declared as mentally deficient. However, it is namely such ability, on White peoples part, which allows them to keep their destructive drives under control and prevents their anomalistic instincts from actually defining their behavior. Even as recent as fifty years ago, it used to be perfectly safe to take stroll along the street in American cities, after it gets dark. Nowadays, the only people with strong suicidal tendencies would dare to venture into the ghetto at night, especially if they happened to be White.

Apparently, the policy of multiculturalism is causing America to slowly change its essence into the country of Third World itself, which again substantiates our suggestion that culture of violence is racially motivated category. There is nothing new about this process. For example, the downfall of Roman Empire came as a result of Romans becoming unaware of what the concept of culture stands for, because of being slowly deprived of their racial purity. This prevented them from putting up an effective resistance against raging barbarians, because, while celebrating diversity, Romans turned into barbarians themselves.

In racially homogeneous countries, such as Island, Ukraine or Poland, it is absolutely safe for the parents to leave their children playing unattended in public parks. In America, if parent leaves an unattended child in public place, for even as little as one minute, the chances are that this kid is going to be physically or sexually abused, within a matter of an instant. For this we can thank the insane pushers of left-wing agenda, who succeeded in turning this country into some sort of Lewis Carroll's wonderland, where the rules of reason do not apply. However, it would be wrong, on our part, to refer to culture of violence as something ultimately evil. The low cost of human life in every particular society, indicates the existential vitality of such society, as whole. For example, in Zimbabwe, half of population starves and the rate of inflation in this country reaches 3000 % a year.

Tens of thousands of citizens die as result of states induced violence on annual basis. Still, there are no people in Zimbabwe who are biologically unfit for survival. The average age of Zimbabwe's population is 25 years, which means that this nation is among the youngest in Africa and in the whole world and therefore - biologically competitive. In Western countries, on the other hand, the absence of culture of violence is associated with half of their money being taken from working citizens in taxes, in order to support senile people in assisted living facilities, despite the fact that they have no social value whatsoever. Being culturally violent and intelligent, at the same time, allowed White people to become undisputed masters of the whole world by the end 19 th century. However, the fact that White people had lost their taste for violence, while only retaining their intelligence, resulted in situation when former colonial powers are now being invaded by hordes of illegal immigrants, who create societies within a society, instead of trying to integrate into multicultural utopia.

Therefore, discussing culture of violence as socially induced phenomenon that has nothing to do with realities of everyday living in Western countries is nothing but indication of social absenteeism, on the part of politically-correct experts in the field of social sciences. Bibliography: Boynton, G. 2007 Ian Smith has Sadly Been Proved Right. Telegraph. Co. Uk. Available from: web [ 5 Jun. 2008 ].

Congo Death Toll up to 3. 8 m. 2004. Guardian. Co. Uk.

Available from: web [ 5 Jun. 2008 ] Cannibalism In China Seemingly Acceptable If Invoked For Health Purposes. 2007. Impact Lab. Available from: web [ 5 Jun. 2008 ]. Lamprecht, J. 2002 Farm Murders in South Africa (from 1994 -present)... African Crisis.

Org. Available at: web [ 5 Jun. 2008 ] Pierce, W. 2000. Zimbabwe: Liberal Consequences. The National Alliance.

Available from: web [ 5 Jun. 2008 ] Margold, J. 1999. From Cultures of Fear and Terror to the Normalization of Violence. Critique of Anthropology, vol. 29, no. 1. Pp. 63 - 88. Mugabe in a Nutshell. 2008.

The Times. Available from: web [ 5 Jun. 2008 ] Shaw, R. 2007. Displacing Violence: Making Pentecostal Memory in Postwar Sierra Leone. Cultural Anthropology, vol. 22, no. 1. Pp. 66 - 93. Abstract: This paper discuses the notion of culture of violence within a context of peoples genetic predisposition to choose in favor of particular mode of behavior Outline: Part one Part two.


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Research essay sample on Sierra Leone Colonial Era

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