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Example research essay topic: Carbon Dioxide Emissions Third World Countries - 2,333 words

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Global Warming (1) The problem of Global warming is considered one of the most troubling issues of contemporary era. It has been noticed that the average air temperature in different parts of the world is being on constant rise, ever since humanity's existence began to depend more and more on exploitation of fossil fuels. Whereas in 1870, the carbon fuel emissions in the air were almost non-existent, in 2000, the amount of such emissions has reached 6 billion tons. Many scientists agree that it is this the increased levels of CO 2 in the air, which is directly linked to Global warming, although there is no universal conformity, in regards to this matter. While burning, fossil fuels release large amounts of carbon-dioxide into the atmosphere. This causes a so-called greenhouse effect, when suns energy does not reflect back into the space, but becomes trapped underneath the layer of greenhouse gases.

This leads to Earth atmosphere being excessively heated up. In its turn, this will eventually affect the lives of people. Therefore, it is only logical that many of them strongly associate Global warming with evil, which needs to be contested, regardless of the cost. Some authors go as far as suggesting that, even today, the process of Global warming prevents many people from having a normal life. Hans Baer is one of them. In his article Global Warming as a By-product of the Capitalist Treadmill of Production and Consumption -- The Need for an Alternative Global System, he relates Global warming to the worsening of epidemiological situation around the world: Global warming appears to be the primary impetus behind the spread of infectious-borne diseases to environments north and south of the equator and heat waves that threaten the lives and health of vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and the sick (Baer, p. 59).

At the same time, there are many scientists who believe that peoples industrial activity, in recent decades, has very little to do with the fact that the average temperature of Earth atmosphere seems to be on the rise. After all, the eruption of one volcano emits as much CO 2 into the atmosphere as do all coal-operated power plants in the world, over the period of fifty years. In his article Global-Warming Myths, Hoff Stauffer makes very good point when he says: The debate on global warming is burdened with unfortunate misconceptions that inhibit progress in moving forward. One misconception is that draconian measures would be required to mitigate global warming (Stauffer, p. 14). The biggest problem with the issue of Global warming is the fact that there is no scientifically substantiated proof that greenhouse effect is being caused by peoples industrial activity alone. The article There is No Global Warming, which can be found on the site of American Policy Center, states: Scientific research through U.

S. Government satellite and balloon measurements shows that the temperature is actually cooling - very slightly -. 037 degrees Celsius. In 1936, the Midwest of the United States experienced 49 consecutive days of temperatures over 90 degrees. There were another 49 consecutive days in 1955. But in 1992 there was only one day over 90 degrees and in 1997 only 5 days (APC). In other words, Kyoto Protocol is based on scientific assumption, not the hard facts.

We all know what happens when countries domestic and international policies are being adjusted to correspond to such assumptions. The story of Iraqis weapons of mass destruction can serve as the best example. This is the reason why Australia and U. S. were not in the big rush to sign up Kyoto Protocol, according to which, industrialized and developing nations are presented with their own quotas, in regards to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

The ultimate goal of Kyoto Protocol is to reduce such emissions worldwide by 10 %- 15 %, before the year 2012. Countries that have signed the Protocol, agree to be subjected to UN monitoring, which is meant to insure that every particular participant stays committed to its obligation, within a context of Protocol. These obligations vary greatly, in accordance to geopolitical status of every country. Thus, 137 developing countries that have signed Protocol, including Brazil, China and India, have no responsibilities, under the agreement, beyond monitoring and reporting emissions, despite the fact that their share in global CO 2 emissions is substantial. What makes many people to doubt that Kyoto Protocol might benefit the environment is the fact that dealing with the issue of reduction of CO 2 emissions is being delegated to UNs bureaucracy.

Throughout the history of its existence, there was no single instance of UN being able to deal with the issue of global concern in effective manner. It became a customary practice for the UN officials to begin their meetings with discussion of how to end worlds hunger, for example, while the gap between poor and rich countries continues to widen. There are good reasons to believe that the same thing is going to happen with UN intention to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions, because UN simply lacks the effective means to control the implementation of its own resolutions. For example, China is one of the biggest producers of CO 2, but despite this fact, Kyoto Protocol does not require this country to shut down coal-operated power plants, the way it requires Western countries. At the same time, such important participants of Kyoto agreement as Ethiopia and Somalia, are made eligible for the large financial donations from developed countries, as the mean to encourage citizens of these countries to become more environmentally aware. All this reveals Kyoto Protocol as another initiative of UN bureaucracy to legitimize the misuse of finances, on its part.

It appears that the issue of Global warming cannot be referred to as purely environmental. Apparently, it is being used to push a political agenda, which is the reason why more and more people grow skeptical about the effectiveness of proposed measures to improve environmental situation in the world. As recent as twenty years ago, environmentalists were suggesting that thinning of ozone layer over Antarctica was a direct result of people using aerosol sprays. In his article A Necessary Apocalypse, John Dunn says: Ozone depletion did serve a useful Green purpose in drawing public attention to the atmosphere, and confusing people as to exactly what the problem was all about (Dunn, AT). However, a few years after the beginning of this environmental craze, it was being proven that usage of aerosol sprays cannot be related to the widening of ozone holes over Antarctica. In fact, these holes had simply patched themselves up, without any involvement, on the part of people, within a matter of few years.

As for today, there are no more talks about the dangers of aerosol sprays and about the wickedness of human race, which destroys its own environment. We cannot be absolutely sure that the same thing will not happen with the issue of Global warming. Numerous signs point out to the fact that the effects of Global warming are being artificially exaggerated. First of all, it became a statement of fashion to express concern about Global warming. Second of all, scientists do not agree on its exact causes.

Third of all, the immediate effects of Global warming are going to remain negligible for at least another hundred years. It appears very doubtful that the governments of different countries are going to be able to effectively address the issue of CO 2 emissions, because most of worlds nations are democracies. The governments in such countries are being rarely elected for longer than 4 - 5 years and their foremost concern has always been addressing citizens, in order to expect reelection. Whatever is going to happen in 100 years from now cannot be referred to as peoples main concern, no matter how hard we try. (2) On my personal list of concerns, Global warming is probably the last one. I am a realist; therefore, I do not understand why I should be concerned about something that has a very slight chance of affecting me personally. Even if Global warming was proven to pose an immediate danger, there would be still not much that I could do to improve the situation.

I think that the threat of Global warming is being grossly exaggerated by those who seek to obtain political dividends, out of peoples fear of uncertainty. In their article The Global Warming Myth and its Selfish Defenders John Baden and Tim OBrien suggest that this issue is too complicated, in order for personal opinion to have any real value: The Global warming debate, like many environmental issues, is scientifically complex and highly emotional. Its complexity hinders informed debate and its emotionalism makes consensus elusive. Part of the problem is that climatology (the discipline dealing most directly with global climate issues) is a young and inexact science.

But much of the problem can be traced to special interest's manipulation of the political process (Baden, OBrien, FREE). We can only agree with the authors. Our lack of information about the causes of Global warming results in situation when it is hard for us to remain rational, while discussing this issue. Having no opinion is better than having an opinion, which cannot be supported by scientific data. In fact, I do not believe in any of Global issues, such as the spread of AIDS, ending worlds poverty or finding a peaceful solution to end violence in Middle East. These artificially created topics are meant to divert peoples attention from things that really do matter.

I am much more concerned about being almost unable to hear people speaking English on the streets of my own town, than about poor folks in Somalia being incapable to meet ends, while waiting for our tax dollars to buy them food. In order to really care about what is going to happen to Earth in hundred years from now, one must be absolutely dedicated to Environmentalism, as socio-political philosophy. I did not happen to be such person and I believe that the freedom of deciding how to act, in regards to environmental issues, is one of my Constitutional rights. I do not think of humanity as something united, therefore, people of different cultural backgrounds cannot have common interests, even in theory, unless it comes down to assuring their physical survival. Still, such survival for the people in Third World countries is associated with providing food for their families and not with preventing Global warming. In fact, some of them consider Global warming as an opportunity for their nations to become biologically competitive.

White people cannot last long without air conditioners, when temperature rises up to 80 degrees, whereas in India, only 1 % of houses are equipped with air conditioners and there are practically to heat related deaths in this country. The most basic law of biology is survival of the fittest. It does not take much to realize that Global warming might give the people in Third World countries a competitive edge. John Baden and Tim OBrien tell us why folks in Third World countries do not think of Global warming as ultimate evil: There are many benefits associated with increased atmospheric CO 2. Doubling CO 2 levels will favor bigger plants and may increase average crop yields by an estimated 33 percent. More atmospheric CO 2 allows plants to grow using less water by reducing evapotranspiration - water evaporating after it is released from plants' pores.

Precipitation and soil moisture may rise, and droughts may become less frequent (Baden, OBrien, FREE). It is the fact the Environmental movement that promotes the idea of Global warming, as such that represents universal danger, consists almost exclusively of White liberals. The reason why they project their apocalyptical feeling onto environment is that their vision of imminent danger, which comes as the result of Global warming, is nothing but sublimation of their racial inferiority. Today White people constitute 6 % of worlds population.

By the year 2050, their number will shrink to 2 %. Thus, it appears that this is only the matter of time, before White race will extinct. On subconscious level, White people feel that there is something rotten in the kingdom of Denmark, but they are being brainwashed to such an extent that they would rather associate their extinction with changes to the environment than with their inability to adjust their birth rate to the birth rate of people in Africa, for example. This is why radical environmentalism is strongly associated with political-correctness and promotion of social utopias that are based on the idea of multiculturalism.

Because of this, it is very hard to think of Global warming as an objective issue. In my opinion, the best way to deal with the threat of universal draught is to simply wait until time when Global warming proves to be just another environmental craze. Bibliography: Baer, Hans Global Warming as a By-product of the Capitalist Treadmill of Production and Consumption -- The Need for an Alternative Global System Australian Journal of Anthropology; Apr. 2008, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p. 58 - 62. Baden, John and OBrien, Tim The Global Warming Myth and its Selfish Defenders. 23 Mar. 1994.

Free Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment. 10 Apr. 2008. web Crook, Clive Sins of Emission. Atlantic Monthly. Mar. 2008. Vol. 301, Issue 3, p. 32. Dunn, John A Necessary Apocalypse. 2 Feb. 2007.

American Thinker. 10 Apr. 2008. web Fortune, Michael Global Warming: Myth of Reality? . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Jan. 2007.

Vol. 88. Issue 1, p. 84 - 89. Stauffer, Hoff Global-Warming Myths. Technology Review. 1998. Cambridge, Mass.

Vol. 4 Issue 5, p. 14. Abstract: This paper discusses different aspects of so-called Global warming and points out to the fact that there are still many studies needs to be conducted, before Global warming can be referred to as such that comes as result of peoples industrial activities. Outline: Part one Part two


Free research essays on topics related to: global warming, third world countries, kyoto protocol, carbon dioxide emissions, aerosol sprays

Research essay sample on Carbon Dioxide Emissions Third World Countries

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