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Styles of Management There are two styles of management that are now being utilized by the majority of commercial and non-commercial organizations: authoritarian and democratic. Authoritarian style of management is being predominantly used by organizations that consider its own employees as the expendable component, within a context of their business strategy. For example, at Wal-Mart, workers are being paid minimum wages and they are expected to work over time, if required by superiors, without given a raise to their salaries. Wal-Marts managers are not allowed to make executive decisions. They are simply expected to implement directives that were being passed down to them from the main office.
Democratic style of management is being used by organizations that view their workers as their greatest asset. The best example is Microsoft Corporation, where employees fully enjoy personal and professional freedom. One of the reasons for this is that, being a software programmer requires individual to exercise its creativeness on continuous basis. Microsoft main office provides regional managers with an outline of what needs to be done and they are allowed to implement their own approach in how they attain their professional goals. Within the Company, decisions are made on collegial basis, which is the reason why Microsoft business strategy has never failed to address the needs of consumers. Organizations that practice authoritarian style of management are well aware of the fact that their employees can never be fully dedicated to executing their professional duties, because they know that their true value is not being appreciated.
This is the reason why authoritarian managers treat workers with suspicion. They strive to win workers loyalty by resorting to psychological manipulation. For example, at McDonalds, employees are being trained to embrace team spirit as something that will enable their advancement through the ranks. Instead of providing workers with adequate monetary incentives, McDonalds teaches them how to celebrate diversity, while being paid as little as eight dollars an hour. Democratic managing style is applicable when the bulk of organizations employees consist of true professionals, who are capable of dealing with life challenges on their own. Such employees cannot be easily manipulated by their superiors, because being experts in their professional fields, causes these employees to be highly demanded elsewhere.
For example, 60 % of Microsoft programmers were born in former Soviet Union and the majority of them used to be hackers, before getting job with Microsoft. The fact that many of these employees have a criminal record did not prevent them from being able to immigrate to U. S. , because their professionalism represents an objective value. Authoritarian management, on the other hand, is more applicable in organizations, where employees make living with their hands and not with their brains. For example, Wal-Mart is being continuously sued over the fact that Companys managers think that there is nothing wrong with hiring illegal aliens. These aliens are more then happy to work for as little as three dollars an hour and managers willingness to treat them with respect is being viewed by such workers as the proof his or her weakness.
Therefore, it is perfectly understandable why Wal-Mart does not want to reconsider its authoritarian management strategy, despite the public pressure that is being applied to this company. Democratic style of management is being utilized by organizations that view qualitative factor as such that define their operational effectiveness. For example, Bentley Motors manufactures only fifty cars per year. Nevertheless, these cars are associated with great quality. It takes a few months for the team of highly professional employees to assemble one car. During the process of assembling, these workers are allowed to set their own working schedules.
They enjoy the liberty of showing up at work at any time of the day. However, this does not seem to affect neither the quality and nor the progress of assembling. High quality has traditionally been associated with low quantity and it would be wrong to refer to this fact only within a context of industrial manufacturing. It is actually one of the basic laws of nature.
Authoritarian style of management is usually concerned only about the quantitative factors. The salary of sweatshop workers in China directly depends on their quantitative effectiveness. One does not have to be overly smart to understand a simple fact that label made in China automatically means low quality. Sweatshop workers often work for as long as 10 - 12 hours a day, while being closely watched by managers, in order to prevent them from stealing.
They do not enjoy any of the rights that employees in Western countries take for granted. It is not a coincidence that the bulk of industrial goods, manufactured in China, is being distributed by retailing operators that practice the same authoritarian style of management, such as Wal-Mart. Democratic style of management is more suited for organizations that are not being affected by politically correct indoctrination. The employees ability to think of their professional duties as their foremost priority corresponds to the idealistic properties of their characters. Idealism derives out persons ability to operate with highly abstract categories. In its turn, such ability is biologically predetermined.
It is a well-known fact that White people rely on their sense of logic, when it comes to making decisions, while the behavior of representatives of ethnic minorities is defined by largely irrational factors. This is the reason why organizations that utilize democratic style of management strive to maintain their workforce racially homogeneous and do not believe in the effectiveness of affirmative action. On the other hand, organizations that rely on authoritarian style of management are known for their pathetic attempts to gain the aura of progressiveness, by introducing racial quota, as the main principle, upon which their hiring policies are based. Authoritarian managers are well aware of the fact that diversified workforce needs to be kept under strict control. This is why, instead of actually delegating more rights to employees, managers strive to convince workers that they have no reasons to complain about authoritarian style of management, because organizations they work for, are committed to the ideals of multiculturalism and therefore, cannot be associated with managerial authoritarianism by definition.
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Research essay sample on Style Of Management Aware Of The Fact
