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Ecology of Commerce Abstract Industrialization has mimicked how symbiotic relationship in our environment runs. Only, it uses up resources and produces harmful by-products that brought negative effects to the environment. These are the consequences of the actions of unconcerned citizens that conflicts the rights of every individual to live. Efforts have been imposed to lessen pollution, but there are still against with it. Chapter 1 A Teasing Irony Industrialization brought different adverse effects to the environment; this is the viewpoint of Paul Hawken in the book The Ecology of Commerce. According to him most of us in America and in other western industrialized countries dont know what business is or what it would turn out to be (Hawken 1).
Paul Hawken envisions a cyclical kind of economic system in which it emulates the kind of a system wherein every by-product of every stage in the cycle could be benefited in the next stage of the said cycle. It is a kind of a system which is comparable to every cycle in our environment that is balanced through a give-and-take relationship. This kind of a system ties-up business and environment which could produce profits and restore environment at the same time. Chapter 2 The Death of Birth Industrial economy is like an immature ecosystem. Hawken calls it as a linear industrial ecology of low information quality (21).
But unlike organisms in an ecosystem, businesses make use of its environment without considering or without taking into account that it could bring irreversible and negative effects to its environment. One way of measuring the effect of industrialization to the ecosystem is called the NPP (net primary production), wherein the increase of population could result to higher NPP and consequently to extinction of some other organisms that could not compete for food consumption. Thus, lowers food production. Chapter 3 The Creation of Waste The wastes that are created by technological advancement could not be beneficial to our environment and to its inhabitants, because there is no waste in nature. An organisms wastes should be a food to other organisms. Truth is, many businesses do not consider how to solve the problem in disposing their wastes.
Now that the negative effects are exposed, even they stop dumping or producing harmful compounds, what they have produced have lingering and negative effects on every organism in the universe (Hawken 43). If only industries have been truthful, preventive measures could have been imposed. Chapter 4 Parking Lots and Potato Heads With how businesses are run currently, they should change, because changes in industrialization should be imposed. There have been efforts to eliminate pollution in recent years. Like the 3 M, a company that imposed 3 Ps program to eliminate pollution in their production; the power plant that sends out their excess heat wastes in Kalundborg, Denmark; Hardin Times Pigouvian Tax and sale of pollution permits; and classification of products their uses by Braungart and Englefried.
Chapter 5 Pigous Solution The manufacture of products of every industry should also take into account the costs of environmental destruction of their process. This is the external costs or spillover effects that could be implemented through Pigouvian Tax. , way of including such costs in the price of the products. Also, we should find other ways that could eliminate pollution through eliminating products that causes it. Like our use of carbon-based products as fuel, the culprit of global warming. Chapter 6 The Size Thing The implementation of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) brought conflict to the working policy that every nation on the regulation of manufacture of products that have adverse effects on the environment. The problem is that in order to increase the profits, GATT allowed every industry to expand without considering the effects of the process to the environment.
Chapter 7 Private Lives and Corporate Rights (Summary and Analysis) Ever since corporations were given rights like every individual has after the Civil War, there have been threats to human health. Large manufacturing companies have become avaricious of the wealth they get from production and compromising the health of every individual. They still operate even there were records of deaths resulting from the effects of the products these industries produce. Works Cited Hawken, Paul. The Ecology of Commerce. HarperCollins, 1994.
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