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Greatest Media Innovation Internet is one of the greatest media innovations. Internet is a worldwide web, a network that allows connecting millions computers located in various places of the Earth into one huge network. The possibilities of internet have almost no limits, as it allows listening to the music, and books, watching movies, radio and TV programs, learning and playing, sending and receiving electronic mail, and communicating with the users connected to the internet network. Internet technologies have entered our life, and the term 'internet' has become the widely used word, as it is used almost everywhere - in business and private life. Nowadays internet is the result of successful integration of numerous networks into one World Wide Web. Internet technology is the unique method that allows searching for people with similar interests, to communicate with them; internet grants access to various kinds of information sources dedicated to any theme one would like to know.
Internet is synonymous to education, and to unlimited possibilities. Internet is widely used in all spheres, - everywhere, as it is the fastest-growing communications network in our history - In just about a decade, it has grown from a peripheral experiment to a global resource that is central to the lives of more than 600 million users around the world (Baird, p. 441). It can be compared with system capable for education and self-education that has no limits. To put it differently, internet is a communication system, and a completely new method to transfer information.
Internet is completely different, higher' level of being; it is a global information system that is logically interconnected by global unique addresses based on IP internet protocol. Finally, internet is the most dynamically developing system of all media systems, thus being the greatest media innovation. Being the greatest media innovation, internet is more informative than any other media innovation, as it is not limited by any boundaries and volumes of information. The possibilities indeed have no limits. Internet has great influence on public conscience and often plays the decisive role in our everyday life.
The history of internet springs from the late 1950 s (Bomse, p. 1717). Although there is no exact information about the exact date of the internet invention, it is still possible to name the date when the United States made decision that was conductive to the internet creation. It occurred in 1958. However, the very term 'internet' was coined significantly later. So, one of the first computer networks was created over thirty years ago with the creation of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DAPRA) in 1958. Since its creation, APRANET network simply united several computers in military departments, educational, and scientific and research centers (Bomse, p. 1717).
The network comprised of terminals used by the users to work and perform their researches at remote computers. The innovative character of Dallas activity as well as the very possibility to get access to high-capacity processors predetermined success of computer networks. Nowadays there are over 50, 000 global computer networks, while the number of small local computer networks exceeds hundreds of thousands. In an early stage of its development, when various computer networks were based on different computer platforms (i.
e. used incompatible technical and software tools), and when there were no data transfer standards, internetwork communication was almost impossible. This problem, however, was solved in 1974, with the introduction of TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol). However, it took another ten years until this protocol was accepted as obligatory standard to be used in all nodal computers in the ARPANET network. By then another several hundred networks had been joined ARPANET, and computing services had been mostly replaced by the information services. In 1983 ARPANET network was split to the National Science foundation (NSF) and was named NSFNET.
Its host protocol was then switched from NCP to TCP/IP and the seed of what would become the internet finally was created. In the past, global networks basically comprised of groups of computers that were linked together by direct connection. Safety and reliability of the system were the issues of primary concern, as the scientists needed more reliable and safer network. This problem was solved in 1983, due to the internet protocol TCP/IP.
This period is often referred to as the second stage of development of the internet. Generally speaking, TCP/IP comprises of two protocols, one of which, TCP Transport Control Protocol is responsible for the way how the data is transferred in the network, and the second one, IP Internet Protocol determined the method of addressing (i. e. IP is responsible for where (and how) the information is transferred). Relatively a long period of time internet was predominantly used by scientists, researchers, and militaries alone. Although technical documentation and e-mail exchange are very important for the scientists, the average users were not very interested in it.
Therefore, the blossom and rapid development of the internet occurred only after 1993, with the drastically increasing quantity of web nodes and users. This was the period when World Wide Web service first appeared. It was based on the user data transfer protocol HTTP (a way of formatting and transmitting messages on the Internet) and HTML (text description language that is used for electronic publishing, especially on the World Wide Web). The documents that were created in this text description language were called web pages (Boudreaux, p. 2).
Synchronous with the development of WWW, there was created the program Mosaic that was responsible for transferring request and receiving messages in HTML format. This program was the first web browser (a piece of computer software used to search for information on the Internet). Thereafter the internet became the common database distributed on millions of servers and the average user then was able to easily use it due to its simplicity. Nowadays the internet is obviously the greatest media innovation. It is a huge complex that includes local networks and autonomous computer systems interconnected with various communication facilities, as well as software that allows managing and controlling interaction between all these facilities at the basis of TCP/IP protocol. Node computers are also referred to as servers.
Routers operate on the internet network so that they allow packets of data to be moved efficiently between two points on a computer network. All services are operated automatically; they are controlled and managed by computers and programs, and every user has the opportunity to access necessary information with no limits. To a certain extent the internet network comprises of millions of hard drives with terabytes of information, and all these hard drives are connected to your computer. Yet, this information provides you with the basic understanding of the principles of operation. However, none of these principles is able to characterize the internet in its entirety. The development of the network services resulted in mass emergence of servers aimed to provide specific information on specific themes and subjects.
For example, some libraries scanned their books and published these books in digital format so that any user is able to access them. However, the libraries and electronic copies of the books is simply a drop in the ocean of information on the internet (Jackson, p. 36). List of services provided by internet servers exceeds hundreds and thousands descriptions. Tens of thousands computer networks that are connected together and unite tens of millions users, form World Wide Web. However, World Wide Web itself would be impossible without internet browsers, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Browser is a software package that enables a user to find and read hypertext files, especially on the World Wide Web. In order to access internet, the user should run a browser on his computer. Internet browsers grant access to any point or any node of the internet network, and use IP address that consists of several figures (for example, 192. 34. 101. 23). As it is too complicated to use these figures, the user can simply write the symbol code URL (Uniform Resource Locator) in order to seek for specific IP address and specific web page. So, in order to enter a certain web page, the user should type either IP address, or URL of the web site he wants to enter. Nowadays internet is a network community that comprises of over two million computers all over the world.
In case the user is connected to the network, which is a part of the internet network, he can access all internet resources. The emergence of the internet marked not only the discovery of the internet technologies and technical innovations, but also marked a new epoque in the development of communication (People Net: We Give You the World, p. 2). Internet network allows a person to broaden his outlook and to expand his horizon in any sphere. In addition, as, on the one hand, commercial companies and organizations that used internet in order to exchange business information and advertising, and on the other hand, students and the youth, who were placing variety of entertainment materials, were conductive to the development of the internet, the internet network became useful for all people, as it is possible to find all kinds of information, ranging from business information to movies, electronic copies of the books, and music collections, to mention a few. In such a way, the internet network offers a wide range of services and products, thus being the greatest media innovation in the world.
Lets simply mention some of them. One of the types of information services offered in internet networks is an electronic mail (e-mail). The sender and recipient deal with providers, who play the roles of local post services. The provider's server is always online, and mail boxes are registered and located at his hard disk. Simultaneously with the registration process on one of such internet mail providers, the user gets unique e-mail address.
Apart from that, the user has to download specific software that allows sending and receiving e-mails. Some providers provide the users with web-access (for example, yahoo. com, one. net, etc), and the user doesnt have to use specific software. Instead, he is able to get access to his mail from everywhere, as the only thing he needs is to be connected to the internet network.
In case the messages remain unread for a long period of time, some servers have an option to return the mail back to the sender. Teleconference communication is another type of information internet network services. Teleconference can be compared with a subscription on electronic newspaper or magazine, where the user gets information related to specific themes on the user's choice (i. e.
news, answers on specific questions and issues, the answers made by the other users on his messages and posts in forums, etc). The authors of this information are the internet users who have similar interests. In addition, many internet service providers provide their users with the list of such conferences the users can participate at a moderate monthly cost (or free of charge). After the subscription process is over, the user will receive emails with the headings dedicated to specific themes of his subscription.
Teleconferences have much in common with electronic mail, however, with the only exception that in teleconferences your letter will be read by many people, and you will have a chance to read what the unknown users think about your topic of interest. The conferences, therefore, are classified by the themes and points of interests, and the name of the conference comprises of several words, separated by the dots, where each dot narrows the topic and makes it more specific (for example, pets. cats. breeding). Apart from that, there is an Internet Real Chat (irc), where tens of thousands people can communicate with each other in real time. In order to take part in the communication, the user has simply to connect to a specific irc network of his choice and to choose a channel he wants.
Every channel has its own name, and every name gives an idea of what is discussed on this channel (for example, on #warez channel the users can exchange computer software). As we have already mentioned before, World Wide Web, a vast network of linked hypertext files, stored on computers throughout the world, that can provide a computer user with information on a huge variety of subjects, is the most interesting resource, as it contains interesting and important information. World Wide Web differs from usual hypertext files system, as it allows making links not only on file located in the users computer, but also can link to the file located on the computer that can be located in the other part of the world. The system is quite easy, as everything the user has to do is simply to point the file he wants to link to, and the computer will do the rest. Information on World Wide Web includes text, pictures, tables, sound, and animation, to mention a few.
Due to the wide possibilities and simplicity the internet offers to people, World Wide Web easily gained favor with the users throughout the world. Internet technologies develop very fast and make access to the information faster and easier. Evidently, the internet network is not perfect and there are some disadvantages and imperfections. For example, some computer networks have plenty of unimportant and useless information, and, besides, there is no program that would be able to systematize all information available on the web. However, all these disadvantages are not very important, as the benefits of using internet network overweight all disadvantages. Lets try to look at the nearest future, and to mark the most perspective tendencies of the internet development.
Internet is able to replace telephone services, as IP telephone is significantly cheaper and more convenient in use. Nowadays every internet user is able to communicate with the other party. Everything he needs is to have a sound card, microphone, and speakers. In addition, some business companies use internet videoconference's in their daily work, as it allows the business operating more efficiently. Intranet - a corporate network based on the internet technology is yet another innovation. Another innovation in the sphere of audio technologies is Real Audio, the system that allows transferring live sound and, thus, can be used in broadcasting.
Internet introduces e-commerce, and allows purchasing goods and services online. The user gets an opportunity to order airline tickets, to order the room in hotel, or simply to purchase the product he wants, and, according to the researchers, the size of e-commerce transactions now amounts to more than $ 2. 293 trillion, a figure that is estimated to grow by nearly 54 % over the next four years (Baird, p. 441). Technological advance allows the internet taking great strides forward new perspectives, thus making the internet the greatest media innovation. Works Cited Baird, Zoe. "Promoting Innovation to Prevent the Internet from Becoming a Wasteland. " Federal Communications Law Journal 55 (2003): 441. Bomse, Amy Lynne. "The dependence of cyberspace. " Duke Law Journal 50 (2001): 1717. Boudreaux, Greg. "The Fast Changing World of the Internet. " Management Quarterly 40 (1999): 2.
Jackson, Ch. "The Origins of the Internet - A Research Effort in the Department of Defense's Advanced Projects Research Agency Led to Many of the Innovations That Power Today's Internet. " World and I 16 (2001): 36. "People Net: We Give You the World. " The People 2 May 1999: 2.
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