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Example research essay topic: 13 Th Century Geoffrey Chaucer - 648 words

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Literature Medieval British Literature was influenced by the social, political, historical and religious events of the Medieval Times (1066 - 1485), as the literature of that given period reflected what was going on in Great Britain during that period. The major characteristics of the British Literature in the Middle Ages are the development of Middle English (with incorporation of French words, and changes in pronunciation because of French influence), feudalism (as the only literate people were priestly classes, royalty and lesser nobility, such as earls, dukes, and others were sometimes literate, while peasant and other lower classes were rarely literate), the rise of the middle class (merchants), and power of church. In 1066 Viking line dies without heir. Edward the Confessor is succeeded by Harold, who was challenged then by William, duke of Normandy. William managed to take Harold in Battle of Hastings. This was the crucial point in the history of Great Britain, as due to William's victory, French becomes the language of the educated people, and remains the language of nobility and the upper-class in Britain for the next two hundred years.

British literature of that period is influenced by religion, and is mostly known as the Period of Religious Record, with some exceptions like The Owl and the Nightingale written in 1195, Brut, written by Layamon in 1205, and Ancient Role written in 1200. 1250 - 1350 are also the years of religious and secular literature. This occurs because of the power of church and the fact that the only literate people were the priestly classes, and royalty and lesser nobility were sometimes literate). 13 th century is known as the century of romance and courtesy influenced by the legends of Charlemagne, the British legends of King Arthur, and the the legends of ancient Greece and Rome. The literature of that period is influenced by the elements of love and romance towards women. Geoffrey of Monmouth, the father of Arthurian romance writes his History of the Kings of Britain. This work was written mainly under the Norman influence, as it tells about Vortigern and Lear, but with some sympathy for Celts as well (Lambdin, p. 58). 13 th century distracts attention from French to English and British nobility begins using English, and children of the upper-class are taught French as if French is their second language. The prose of these centuries continues in the tradition of Anglo-Saxon prose - didactic, homiletic, and directed toward ordinary people.

The literature was also influenced by French literary forms, such as the animal fables, moral tales, and the dream visions. In the 14 th century French language is in decline (although it still remains the language of culture). The 100 Years War awakens English patriotism, and the Black Death enables rise of bourgeoisie and gives empowerment to the lower social classes. British writers, then, have to use one of three languages for their works French, English, and Latin (Dunn, p. 115). The literature of that period sees the revival of poetry (Christian allegory The Pearl, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, etc) and is well known for the works of Geoffrey Chaucer (The Canterbury Tales), who made the brilliant contribution to Middle English Literature. The century is mostly known as Arthurian period; Malorys Morte Arthur undertakes an attempt to assemble all existing stories about Arthur together, adding novel-like interest.

The 15 th century is not very remarkable for brilliant samples of English Literature, partially because of the social dislocation caused by Wars of the Roses. John Lydgate and Thomas Hoccleve are the most famous poets of that period (mostly as imitators of Geoffrey Chaucer's style). Finally, 1476 is known for William Caxton, and printing press - resulting in the rise of British Literature. Works Cited Dunn, Charles W. Middle English Literature. New York: Garland, 1990.

Lambdin, Laura Corner. A Companion to Old and Middle English Literature. Greenwood Press, 2002.


Free research essays on topics related to: middle english, 13 th century, english literature, geoffrey chaucer, british literature

Research essay sample on 13 Th Century Geoffrey Chaucer

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