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Example research essay topic: Children With Disabilities Physical And Mental - 2,093 words

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Ethical Considerations Introduction The modern educational system is an integral part of democratic society, therefore, the main principle, upon which it is being based, is inclusiveness through participation. While even as recent as fifty years ago, it was necessary for the parents to have a good social reputation, in order for their child to receive a good education, today educational standards in America have been considerably dropped, at the expense of education becoming universally available for the representatives of all social strata. In addition, children with mental and physical disabilities are also given the opportunity to get education, because the social progress in America, in recent years, lead to a situation when these children are thought of as having the same civil rights as everybody else. This is why, government made it mandatory for public schools to provide conditions for the disabled students to obtain education, even though that this is associated with additional spending's. In 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHCA, PL 94 - 142) mandated that states provide a free and appropriate public education (FAPE). According to this act, disabled children are entitled to obtaining education, despite the fact that their physical condition would deprive them of such opportunity in traditional societies.

This, of course, is a great step towards achieving a true social equality in this country, even though that the practice of allowing handicapped children to attend classes does undermine educational standards in general. However, the price of allowing children with disabilities to integrate into society, by providing them with a chance to receive education, is not too high. This is why; public schools are required to spend increasing amounts of money to insure that children with disabilities are provided with adequate educational facilities. Types of disabilities Special education programs are designed to help students with physical and mental disabilities to meet academic goals, even though that these disabilities severely impair their learning abilities. There is a variety of disabilities that qualify children for special education.

They can generally be divided on physical and mental. In its turn, physical disabilities are divided on visible and invisible. For example, asthma; a respiratory condition, diabetes, renal (kidney) disease, hemophilia and epilepsy might not affect childrens physical appearance, but they are capable of negatively affecting their academic score. The visible physical disabilities are commonly associated with physical deformities, such as dwarfism, bone and facial deformities and irregularities in childrens growth.

It is because of these children that every public school in America is required to stock wheelchairs and crutches. Even though that childs physical disability often represents a big challenge to teachers, the practice shows that it can be successfully dealt with, for as long as teacher is willing to apply an extra effort to educate such child and, for as long as school provides appropriate learning facilities. The situation is a bit different with children that are mentally challenged. They are unable to meet schools educational requirements in principle. This is why; individual educational programs are being designed specifically for them. Mental disorders include Down syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder and mental retardation.

The cause of these illnesses has hereditary nature. In most severe cases, children that are affected by these diseases are simply unable to attend school. Nevertheless, as practice shows, 80 % of mentally challenged children are quite capable of grasping the basics at school, which will come in very handy later in their lives. It is crucial to provide as many mentally challenged children as possible with a chance to study, because it teaches them social skills, which are necessary for their normal functioning as individuals in modern society.

Teachers do not have a power to designate child as being mentally challenged, because it lies within doctors domain. However, there are varieties of IQ tests at their disposal that allow them to recommend the best educational approach to be applied to every particular child. The article The Mentally Challenged Child, which is available at the site of India Parenting, provides educators with easy tool of how to measure child learning ability: An I. Q. above 140 is the sign of a genius. An average to very intelligent child would score between 100 - 120 and a dull child would score between 80 - 90.

We can safely say that those children having an I. Q. under 80 are mentally deficient and therefore challenged children (India Parenting). It is important to understand that child mental disability is actually a problem and not something that makes child unique or special, as some teachers think.

There is no doubt that physically and mentally disabled children need to be treated with extra care at school. However, educators must keep in mind that these children will eventually need to adapt to the ways of society and not the other way around. Legal aspects In her article Special Education, Jennifer Sisk points out to the fact that protection of disabled childrens civil rights is now guaranteed by the law: In 1997, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) expanded special education services by mandating that all children with disabilities regardless of the type or severity of their disability between the ages of three and 21 years are entitled to FAPE in the least restrictive environment. That is, children requiring special education must by educated with non-disabled children to the maximum extent possible in an appropriate program to meet their special needs (Sisk).

In recent years, legislators began to understand that acquiring a social skills, on the part of handicapped children, is what really counts. We cannot expect mentally challenged kid to excel in academia; however, it is our duty as teachers to enable him to feel comfortable, while studying, in social context of this word. Peoples popular perception of what special education stands for associates it with handicapped children. However, there are many gifted kids in American public schools that require a personalized educational approach.

In the same article, Jennifer Sisk says: Although gifted and talented students are not usually considered candidates for special education and there is no federal mandate to support these students, exceptionally gifted children may also be entitled to receive special education services (Sisk). More and more parents are becoming increasingly concerned about the fact that their gifted children are simply unable to realize their true potential, because current educational practices to do provide a legislative ground for these children to be recognized as having special needs. Gifted children often develop behavioral issues, due to the educational boredom. In recent years, there were a few attempts, on the part of Republican senators, to pass the law that would guarantee the provision of separate learning facilities for the talented students, just as they are provided for the mentally retarded kids. However, they were unsuccessful. Special education programs at our school.

At present time, there are two separate educational programs being deployed at our school. The first one is meant to help mentally challenged children from of ages 10 to 15 to acquire a basic knowledge of math, history and literature. Children get to spend half the time in general educational settings, among ordinary students, and other half in separate classroom. The actual learning process takes place in separate classroom, where children are encouraged to use abstract thinking in order to reach practical results. This is being done with the help of different games. For example, the child is being asked to find hidden apples and collect them in the basket.

After this, he is being asked to count them. Thus, the play becomes an integral part of learning process, which is only the appropriate approach, when it comes to teaching mentally challenged children how to interact socially, while simultaneously instilling them with mathematical skills. This educational program emphasizes on allowing mentally challenged kids time to learn basics. For example, kids are often given a week to learn how to write and to pronounce one single letter. It goes without saying that it is crucial to make children feel at ease, while teaching them. There are two separate classrooms available for this purpose in our school.

It appears that there are going to be more and more mentally challenged children brought to our school, because there is no a comprehensive program of genetic hygiene in America. This is why; we are planning to provide one more classroom for dealing with mentally impaired kids. At the same time, we try to allow special needs children to spend as much time as possible with normal kids. This is because it allows them to acquire integration skills, even though that, very often, it comes at high price. Children are very sensitive towards mental or physical inadequateness, on the part of their classmates, and they never hesitate to openly express their attitude towards it, which is usually negative. Even though ordinary children learn the basics of political correctness from the time they begin to study at school, they rarely adopt it as something natural.

Quite contrary it appears that, the more effort is being applied, on the part of teachers, to make children to respect people with physical and mental disabilities, the less likely they are going to feel that way. I absolutely agree with Gary Gray, who in his article The Facts of Life says: The disabled teenager encounters many more different challenges than his non-disabled counterpart. For a disabled child, dating is like facing a ten feet tall brick wall. A brick wall that many disabled young adults do not have the skills to climb (Gray).

Our school is equipped with necessary facilities to allow physically disabled children to participate in learning process, as everybody else. Every entrance and exit door has a wheelchair ramp, to make it easier for handicapped students to get around. Washrooms are equipped with handicap handles and Braille alphabet symbols for blind can be found in elevators. At the same time, we also consider gifted kids as such that require attending separate classes, where their supreme mental capabilities are appreciated by teachers and their classmates.

Currently, we have one class for gifted students, where third graders study school subjects on the level of fifth and sixth grade. Along with high IQ, these kids also posses an intuitive knowledge of what represents proper behavior and educational discipline. Therefore, the role of educators, in learning process, is largely an arbitrary. It will not be an exaggeration to say that gifted children are quite capable of gaining academic knowledge on their own, for as long as they are not being disturbed by kids that are not quite as bright.

Separation is the key to the effectiveness of studying process at school in multicultural society. It has become a common practice in American schools to mix their students up in classes, so that the school gains reputation of being progressive, because it celebrates diversity hard enough. Nevertheless, the achieving of such reputation comes at the expense of educational standards being drastically dropped. Students who simply cannot keep up with academic requirements are being given numerous privileges over others, so that they would not be deprived of a chance to receive education. As a result, 60 % of all software programmers in America are foreign-born naturalized citizens.

We have a plenty of fashion designers, public relation representatives, managers and estheticians but very few engineers or qualified industrial workers, who poses knowledge that actually counts. In our school, we have a different vision of the concept of special education. We divide our students on three categories: Those who only need to receive basic education, which will allow them to integrate into society, despite their disability. Those who have average IQ, which enable regular educational standards to be applied to them, and those who are capable of operating with highly abstract concepts, which allows them to meet academic requirements well ahead of others. Ethical issues In his article Ethical Issues in Special Education Cecil Fore suggests that: Teachers and relevant professionals are faced daily with moral and ethical dilemmas relating to the inclusion of children with special educational needs. The values and attitudes of professionals and the manner in which they manage the learning of these pupils can raise important issues.

In the face of new disability legislation and new understandings of the nature of special educational needs, these professionals are required to adapt their thinking and those underlying theories, which inform their practice (Fore). Author does not specify these underlying theories. Nevertheless, it is quite clear what does he have in mind; given the fact that American public education nowadays, is firmly in the...


Free research essays on topics related to: children with disabilities, educational standards, mentally challenged, physical and mental, brick wall

Research essay sample on Children With Disabilities Physical And Mental

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