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... the behavioral problems of the patient and only studies emotional conflicts of the patient if necessary. Some of the sources of this sexual disorder are behavioral in origin, that the patients only lack knowledge regarding sex and sex function. Then the treatment will furnish information to the patient by further educating the latter to realize his or her sexual function. If its the other way around, another program of exercise is given to change behavioral response to the patient. A psychosexual therapy is only given to the patient if disorder is of deep emotional conflicts in origin, wherein a more analytic approach is used to treat the disorder (Sex Therapy par. 4).
A technique called N ondemand Pleasuring and Sensate Focus, also a Masters and Johnsons Technique, is also used to treat sexual desire disorder. In this treatment, the couple will act as a giver and receiver and then they take turns. At first, they will have to be prohibited in sexual activity or they should commit not to have sexual intercourse, in order to explore and develop their sexual behaviors; also to make them realize that mutual pleasure is (achieved) by simple touching (Green Masters and Johnsons). In n ondemand pleasuring, the giver will purely give pleasure to the receiver and avoiding the latter to become aroused.
The exercise continue unless they told to do the sensate focus wherein the receiver asks the giver, by guiding the latter's hand, to touch or caress the receivers body. There will be areas of the receivers body that will not allow the giver to touch, instructing the giver where and what should be the way it should be touched. This way, the couple will be able to realize the things they are capable of and not the things that they cannot do in a sexual activity, and will improve communication. Activities that follow will be the non genital and genital touching without orgasm and then sensual and sexual intercourse follows (Rose prt. 2). 2. Sexual Arousal Disorder.
This disorder is of physiological in nature. For men, it means an erectile dysfunction, or the inability to have and maintain erection during sexual stimuli and throughout the sexual activity; for women, it means, the inability to have or maintain lubrication-swelling for the sexual activity to complete. It affects about 10 % of males and 19 % of the females (Rose prt 3). Male sexual arousal disorder affects men at all ages but is more associated with aging (Krozy 713). It may arise from psychological factors. James Elias divided this into two: the immediate causes, which include anxiety, self-critical cognition's, depression and negative expectations; and the remote or pre-disposing causes, that include early parental conflict, restricted sexual upbringing, conflicts in personality and sexual orientation, and interpersonal causes, may it be poor sexual techniques and communication, lack of trust etc. (prt.
B). Biologic factors are also blamed for male sexual arousal disorder. The medical condition of a man such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, liver failure, carcinomatosis, renal failure, or if the he underwent surgical procedures, or is taking anti-depressant and anti-hypertensive drugs, heavy smoking, alcoholism (neuropathy) are biologic factors that contribute to such disorder (Green Table). Male sexual arousal disorder is diagnosed as impotence (Krozy 711). But the diagnosis is done through several tests.
It include blood tests to measure the test hormone levels, vascular assessment to evaluate the amount of blood that flows to the penis, sensory testing for the diabetic patients and measures nerve impulses in the body, and nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity testing that monitors penile erections during sleep. The last test is also a determining factor if the cause of the disorder is psychological or physical (Sexual Problems in Men). Treatment to this sexual disease includes medical treatment that aims at treating physical problem that contribute to the disorders. Several surgical techniques are used to treat erectile dysfunction (Krozy 714). An implant of penile prosthesis showed positive results. Medications such as Seldenafil citrate (Viagra), Cialis, and Levitra have become a popular choice in male erectile dysfunction especially Viagra, that improves blood flow to the penis.
Testosterone replacement therapy has also been noted in use for patients diagnosed to have low levels of testosterone. This treatment has been also used in treating sexual desire disorder (Sexual Problems in Men). Female Sexual Arousal Disorder has not been studied quite extensively. Yet, it is common to women.
The causes have been linked to psychological factors such anxiety, guilt, sexual abuse and biophysical factors (Krozy 715). Krozy includes sudden change in hormones during menstrual cycle and aging particularly when a woman reaches menopause in the decrease of sexual arousal among women (716). Hysterectomy or the removal of uterus has also been noted to affect the level of lubrication and sensation due to the removal of nerves responsible in sexual function (Sexual Problems in Women). The treatment to female sexual arousal disorder is the same with the female sexual desire disorder. This may be due to the overlapping symptoms of disorders such as the latter and the orgasmic disorders among women (Krozy 715).
The introduction or supplementation of hormones or the hormone replacement therapy and vaginal lubrication have also been used to treat or improve certain conditions in the said disorder. There are recent studies that suggest the possible use of testosterone supplements to treat the female sexual arousal disorder because of the gradual decrease in testosterone levels among women. The use of Viagra and its benefits have been investigated to treat this disorder (Sexual Problems in Women). 3. Orgasmic Disorders. This disorder is defined as the inability of a person to experience orgasm during sexual penetration.
The person with such disorder may experience during masturbation but not in a sexual activity as a response to sexual arousal (Krozy 696). It is the most common sexual disorder among men and women with 40 % (premature ejaculation) and 25 % of the population, respectively (Krozy 696; 706). Male orgasmic disorder consists of three types: the premature ejaculation wherein ejaculation is achieved during or after sexual intercourse, the inhibited or retarded ejaculation which refers to a very slow or there is a slight delay in the occurrence of ejaculation, and the retrograde ejaculation when there is no ejaculation happens or the ejaculation goes to the bladder rather than flowing through the urethra and out to the penis (Sexual Problems in Men). Premature ejaculation could arise from organic factors.
But factors such as anxiety about performance during a sexual activity and the fear of what may be the result of a sexual performance could be contributing factors (Krozy 706). It also reported that certain drugs including anti-depressants may affect ejaculation due to damage of spinal cord. Retrograde ejaculation could result from the nerve impairment due to medical condition such as diabetes. The treatment to premature ejaculation includes Master and Johnsons technique (Rose prt. 3) and the use of medications such as clomipramine and paroxetine have shown significant effects (Krozy 710). As with the retrograde ejaculation, unless if it affects fertility, there is no treatment with such disorder (Sexual Problems in Men).
Female orgasmic disorder is linked to both medical and organic factors. Any trauma to the female organ system contributes to inhibit orgasm (Krozy 696). Krozy also linked this disorder to the psychological factors such anxiety, depression and the cultural factors that could cease the womans exploration of her sexuality (697). Krozy 1 describes a wide array of approach to female orgasmic disorder (696). A much simplified approach is described by Dr. Rose wherein the patient is given a nine week program of masturbation training (prt. 4).
The patient explores different parts of her body that could trigger sexual arousal and develops the masturbation technique with her partner and then eventually to sexual intercourse. This is also comparable to sensate focus of Masters and Johnsons technique. 4. Sexual Pain Disorders. The disorder includes dyspareunia, a sexual pain experienced by both male and female during intercourse. The cause is not physiologic in origin, rather the lack of knowledge on sexual technique among women. Sexual pain occurs in men due to medical conditions of the organ from infection, trauma etc. (Krozy 716).
Treatment includes counseling. Twelve percent to seventeen percent of females are also affected with the sexual pain disorder called vaginismus (Rose prt. 4). This is due to physiologic involuntary spasms of outer muscles of vagina that penetration is sometimes unsuccessful. It is either acquired of lifelong kind of sexual problem which could have arose from sexual trauma. Counseling is also a treatment, which aims at educating the females with this disorder.
Men may be affected with priapism, a prolonged and painful erection even without sexual stimuli which is linked to problems in nerves. Treatments include medications using the drug saline phenylephrine hydrochloride (Krozy 717). Conclusion Dealing with pressures in life is the most challenging task that we face everyday. Human sexuality as part of life and its importance is often neglected due to the lack of knowledge. It is part of our lives that affects our self-esteem and consequently our relationship with other people. Being sensitive to other peoples sexuality is also important to develop communication because the success of treating sexual disorders does not rely on the treatment itself but also to the participation of both the affected individual and the acceptance of people around him or her.
This will bring the person affected to solutions that could treat or prevent sexual disorders. Some of the cases of sexual disorders arise from factors that there is no need for certain experts to treat the disorder and there are also cases that needs adequate attention of health professionals. It is therefore important that we talk about whatever it is that affects or impairs the ability to express ones sexuality especially our loved ones. An open communication education and awareness about sexuality and function should be administered to help both the people that suffer from sexual disorder and the people close to them. Notes 1 For further information and extensive discussion on sexual disorders, see Krozy Chapter 27. Works Cited Elias, James E.
Male Erectile Disorder. Sociology 456, Sex Therapy and Disorders. 31 May 2007 < web > Green, Dr. B. Sexual Disorders. December 2000. 31 May 2007 < web > Krozy, Round E. Sexual Disorders.
Chapter 27. 31 May 2007. < web /boyd 3 e / documents /PDFs/ Sexual% 20 Disorders Ch. 27. pdf> Suzanna, Dr. Rose. Sex Dysfunction and Therapy. Female Sexuality. 31 May 2007 < web > Sexual Problems in Men. February 2006. 31 May 2007. < web > Sexual Problems in Women.
February 2006. 31 May 2007. < web > Sexual Therapy. Sexual Dysfunction Sex Therapy. (2007). Net Industries. 5 June 2007 < web >
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Research essay sample on Erectile Dysfunction Sexual Arousal
