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Ethics The ethics is often referred to as the branch of philosophy related to the standards by which human actions can be perceived right or wrong and is related to the nature of ultimate value. According to Aristotle, ethics was examined as a sphere distinct from other theoretical sciences. Aristotle claimed that the methodology of the ethics should match good action. He agreed with Plato's and Socrates point of view that the virtues should be central to a well-lived life. In his Nicomachea n Ethics Aristotle examines the nature of the virtues and vices, classifications, the question of personality, etc.
Aristotle claimed that the subject of ethics is happiness, defined as the activity of the human soul in the completeness of virtue. In its turn, the virtue is examined as a method that allows the human being happy. It occupies the intermediate space between extremes and consists in temperance (the ability to find the happy medium). According to Jeremy Bentham's ethics, human beings are subordinated to two masters: pain and pleasure. In this case, anything good is either pleasure or is a means to the avoidance of pain.
On contrary, anything bad is either painful or is a means to the deprivation of pleasure. He claimed that the person should Kantian Ethics is based on the Categorical Imperative as if. The most important formulations are: the formula of the universal law and the formula of the end in itself. The first formulation is the cornerstone of Kantian philosophy: act only on that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should be a universal law. According to him, it is impossible to prove the existence of God and freedom, yet, the person should life as if they exist.
In order to define the necessity of performance of the action, the person should go through three steps: to formulate the maxim of the action, to universalize the maxim, and to define whether this universalized maxim could be a universal law. The second formulation (the formula of the end in itself) implies the following: act so as to treat people always as ends in themselves, never as mere means. Nietzsche's ethics is often referred to as the ethics of immoralist. He criticized the Judeo-Christian tradition and interpreted Jewish ethics as a slave morality based on envy. According to him, Christian ethics was even worse, as it made a virtue of humility, poverty and meekness. Nietzsche asserted that God is dead and the Judeo-Christian ethics is the ethics of the weak.
Nietzsche claimed that the will to power is the only morality and the only law. There are two types of morality slave and master morality. Christianity and utilitarian belong to the samples of slave morality, whereas master morality is the morality of the superior people. Sartres ethics attempted to base itself on the recognition of human ontological freedom.
Sartre asserted that the man should strive for freedom and universal recognition and adopt the ethics of liberation. It implies the concept of existentialist ethics (Being and Nothingness) and is based on authenticity (referred to as the only existentialist "virtue, ") and dis alienation. So-called maternal approaches to the ethics developed by Virginia Held, Caroline Whitbeck and Sara Ruddick examine the moral virtues and the feminine psychological traits associated with women. She asserts that feminist ethics are different and claims that traditional theories should be changed in order to take adequate account of the feminine experience. She speaks about rationality (women have been traditionally examined as not rational and emotional, whereas men have been traditionally regarded as active and determinate. Aristotle's ethics comes closest to my own outlook, because our opinions coincide to a considerable extent.
I support the opinion that the moral virtue is the only way to the effective action, and obtaining good character is the process of eliminating the obstacles that are put on the way to the full efficacy of the soul. Bibliography Gould, James A. Classic Philosophical Question.
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Research essay sample on Slave Morality Judeo Christian
