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How did the North win the civil war In 1860, anti-slavery Republican Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election. It became the last reason that destroyed thin links between the North and the South. Southerners decided to protect themselves from interference of Northerners; and they found the only way out to separate from the United States of America. Southerners established The Confederate States of America.
Secession was viewed as an illegal act by Northerners. The fact caused the beginning of the Civil War. The territory was divided conditionally into two parts. Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina belonged to Union-held forts in the territory of the Confederacy. On April 12, 1861, Confederates bombarded the fort with artillery.
It was the reason for Lincoln to call for all of the states. In a period less than 90 days the Union had 74, 000 volunteers. The Union had advantages in geography, manpower, industry, finance, political organization and transportation. Those advantages helped the Federal government to win the war.
Most of all, they showed themselves as wonderful strategists. In 1861, Winfield Scott, the general of the U. S. Army, introduced the Anaconda Plan. The main idea of the plan was to blockade the main Confederate ports. It would weaken their economy and make the war less bloodshed.
In May 1861, the Union blockade of all southern ports was proclaimed by Lincoln. The blockade was a strategic Union victory. But the road to the victory was very long. The troop operations developed in three directions: Eastern Theater 18611863; Western Theater 18611863; Trans-Mississippi Theater 18611865. In the eastern operations the Confederate forces had an advantage. In July 1861, Union troops under the command of Maj.
Gen were forced back to Washington, D. C. On July 25, alarmed at the situation, the U. S. Congress passed the Crittenden-Johnson Resolution. It proclaimed that the war was for preserving the Union and not to end slavery.
In 1862, General Robert E. Lee defeated George B. McClellan in the Seven Days Battles. Then General John Pope's Union Army of Virginia was beaten by Lee in the Northern Virginia Campaign. Though the Confederate forces had some successful operations in the Eastern theater, they were defeated. Most of all, they crucially failed in the West.
In the West, Maj. Gen introduced the key strategy and tactic. According to the strategy, the Union should harden its control of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. Victorious Battles of Shiloh and of Vicksburg cemented Union control of the Mississippi River. It was the turning points of the war. Trans-Mississippi Theater was geographically isolated from the battles and had small influence on military actions.
In the summer of 1863 the largest battle ever fought on American territory took place. That battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania lasted for three days and resulted in many casualties. The Confederates were defeated in it. At the same time the Union army won another victory in the Mississippi valley. In April 1865 General Lee was forced to leave Richmond, the Confederate capital, and to surrender. The Union won.
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Research essay sample on How Did The North Win Civil War
