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... was denied entry to GRU library. By this time KGB had suspected him to be involved in leaking the governments sensitive issues Trial of Penkovsky: Finally KGB suspended Penkovsky as a traitor. They moved quickly. On October 22, 1962, Penkovsky was arrested for treason. 10 In early 1963 Oleg Penkovsky went on trial. The proceedings were highly publicized with lots of fanfare and publicity.
During the trial Oleg Penkovsky gave his confession to the espionage charges filed against him. Some months later he met the fate handed to him and was reportedly fed into a live furnace with some of his closest allies forced to watch. However, the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union had ruled that Penkovsky be executed by the firing squad. 11 People Penkovsky worked with while spying While spying for the West Penkovsky worked with many people. Firstly, he worked with Granville Maynard Wynne, a British businessman who was trying to make a 9. Volkmann, warriors 10. Knightly 315 11.
Ibid) business arrangement with the Soviet Union. Wynne represented several companies involved in the steel and electrical machine making industry. Wynne was also a secret agent of the SIS (Secret Intelligence Service for England). Secretly, Wynne had been conducting one of the most successful covert operations against the Soviet Union. 12. When Wynne set up a delegation from the Soviet Union to come to London to learn more about some of the companies he represented, Penkovsky was in his delegation.
Once in England, the delegation was kept busy by a rigorous schedule to tour several plants. While this was transpiring, Colonel Penkovsky was unloading information including 78 pages of confidential material. 13 The information Penkovsky gave included missile technology, construction areas; launch sites and even information on GRU operatives stationed around the world. 14 Wynne worked closely with Penkovsky. This can be proved by the fact Wynne tried to get Penkovsky out of the Soviet Union. His plan was to use a van with secret compartments and hide him in it. This plan did not materialize because KGB found Wynne and the van.
KGB stripped the van and arrested Wynne. 15 He was put on trial with Penkovsky. He was sentenced for 8 years in prison. He served about one year in prison before he was exchanged for a man called London Melody, who was arrested as Gordon Lonsdale. Lonsdale was a valuable agent with which the Soviets were pleased. They were willing to exchange a less important spy (Wynne) for Lonsdale 12.
Ibid. 13. Volkmann, Warriors 102. 14. Pincher, Traitors 206. 15. Ibid. Penkovsky's Contacts While spying, Penkovsky regularly contacted and passed the information to Janet Chisolm. She was the wife of Raury Chisolm.
Raury Chisolm worked at the English embassy as a diplomat and secretly as an agent of MI 6. Raury Chisolm however, was known to be an agent of SIS by the KGB. KGB acquired this information from one of their own operatives by the name George Blake who worked in the M 16 and exposed many of England's agents. Later Blake was noticed by the MI 6 to be an agent for KGB and was arrested. It is this time when he confessed to have given KGB all the names of MI 6 agents worldwide.
With this information in hand KGB routinely monitored the Chisolm family. In is this way KGB became suspicious of Colonel Penkovsky. 16. Penkovsky on occasion would meet Janet Chisolm in a park. Penkovsky would bring a box of candies that had microfilm in the box. He would give Mrs.
Chisolm's children a couple of pieces of candy and then they would go off and play. At this time he would give her the film. 17 During one of Penkovsky's contact with Mrs. Chisolm, he observed men in a car watching them. These people were the KGB officials who had became suspicious of him 16.
Volkmann spies. 17. Volkmann Warriors. and were trailing him. When they found him with Mrs. Chisolm they further confirmed that he was involved in leaking out the sensitive military information to the west. However, the same way Penkovsky was a mole of his country, the same, Roger Hollis head of MI 5 was a mole within his agency.
It is believed that it is him who exposed Penkovsky to the KGB. In one meeting Roger Hollis demanded to be told the real names of Penkovsky. Earlier on the Soviet had managed to hire an Alcoholic Army sergeant named jack Dunlap. While assigned as a courier driver at the National security Agency, Dunlap managed to gain access to many of the documents entrusted into his care. Many of them he copied and sold to the KGB. Dunlap later committed suicide when FBI agents began to close in for his arrest.
To the shock of KGB, they found that some of Dunlap's documents were their own. They too concluded that a traitor was working somewhere in the GRU or the Soviet Military. Careful screening produced the names of over 1, 000 soviet officials including Penkovsky who had access to the information. After careful scrutiny KGB compiled a record of Penkovsky's trips to the radiator in an adjacent apartment building and his meetings in the park with Janet Chisholm.
To obtain irrefutable proof, KGB agents planted poisoned wax on the seat of Penkovsky's chair where he would sit while working in his office or in his apartment. The poison put the KGB suspect in the hospital for a week. KGB also installed a movie camera concealed in the chandelier above his desk. In just days the camera recorded Penkovsky's writing out classified information for later delivery to his contacts. Penkovsky also contacted Raury Chisolm. He was seen with him occasionally.
Through these meetings KGB suspected Penkovsky and moved in quickly and arrested him. Document Penkovsky passed to the West Penkovsky passed over vital government information (documents) to the West. These documents were passed during his visit to England where he accompanied a delegation set up by Wynne, bound for London. During this period, other members of the delegation were kept busy while Penkovsky was unloading vast amounts of information including 78 pages of confidential material. 18 Examples of these documents he passed include missile technology, construction areas; launch sites and GRU operatives stationed around the world Penkovsky divulged that the Soviets had a mere handful of Intercontinental Ballistic missiles, whose electronics and fuel systems were dubious. Penkovsky further told CIA that the Soviet Union was definitely not prepared for war. Most officials were surprised with the detailed information Colonel Penkovsky had at his disposal.
Through this they had no doubt that he will be a mole of KGB. They truly believed that he was real. Back in Moscow, Penkovsky continued gathering information and passing it to Janet Chisolm at head drops and meetings. For approximately three years Colonel Penkovsky provided some of the Soviet Unions most sensitive military secrets using a Minox Camera. 19). At the debriefing Penkovsky provided the West with over 140 Hours of taped debriefings, and at least 11 rolls of microfilm. 18.
Richelson 276. 19. Ibid. Penkovsky Motivations Penkovsky was motivated to continue spying for the West by the support and accessibility of information he received from high-ranking officials in the Soviet Union who were unhappy with Nikita Khrushchchevs leadership. Those officials made it easier for Penkovsky to access sensitive government information and pass it to the west. They did this because they were not ready for a nuclear war and that was the only way they could avert that war.
Penkovsky was also motivated by the west after learning that he was a genuine KGB mole who wanted to enrich them with information of the Soviet Union. CIA and M 16 were happy with Penkovsky and assured him of their maximum cooperation and support. This motivated him more in his role as a spy for the west. Further Penkovsky was motivated by Soviet Unions communist system of government. 20 Under Nikita Khrushchev.
He was dissatisfied and disillusioned with Khrushchev's leadership. Khrushchev could boast having the best missile power while he knew that he didnt and incase of any nuclear war he could loose tremendously. Finally, the cooperation Penkovsky received from the Chisolm's encouraged him the more to continue spying for the west. One can conclude that he was promised protection by the west incase of any eventuality. He regularly met Janet Chisolm and gave him the information. Wynne also motivated Penkovsky.
It is him (Wynne) who organized for his meeting with the CIA and M 16 officials in the smoke filled hotel room in London. It is here that Penkovsky started his underground role of spying for the west. 20. 1 bid Conclusively, Colonel Oleg Penkovsky's role as a traitor or mole prevented a nuclear war where millions of innocent people could have lost their lives. He took the risk in his life by informing the United States and England about the secrets of the Soviet Union. High-ranking military officials were using however the most saddening thing is that, Penkovsky's but when trial came he is the one who paid the price for his role. To many observers colonial Oleg Viadmirovich Penkovsky's was a true hero who underwent various tribulations for the cause of the people of the Soviet Union.
Bibliography. 1. Andrew, Christopher, and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in. Europe and the West. London: Allen Lane/Penguin Press, 1999. 2. Kessler, Ronald.
Spy vs. Spy: Stalking Soviet Spies in America. New York: Scribner's, 1988. 3. Mangold, Tom. Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton: The Cia's Master Spy Hunter. Simon and Schuster, 1991. 4.
www. Find articles. com 5. Having, Adrian.
The Spy Who Stayed Out in the Cold: The Secret Life of FBI Double Agent Robert Hanssen. New York: St. Martins Press, 2001. 6. Powell, Bill. Treason: How a Russian Spy Led an American Journalist to a U. S.
Double Agent. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
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