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Example research essay topic: Bilingual Education Programs Native Speakers - 2,013 words

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Bilingual Education For a long time education has been one of the main principles of a democratic society. Educational problems were number one for American government. The principals on which education was based in America were signed in the Constitution. John Adams said, Education for every class and rank of people down to the lowest and the poorest.

It proves that from the very beginning education in the country is considered to be for all. The increase of the number of educated people leads to the growth of a countrys economy. Education is closely connected with political, economical and cultural life of a country. So, education and the problems, it had faced, changed with the development of the state. Most of all the federal government has been influenced strongly on Americans education since 1965. Hundreds of educational programs were created by Congress.

Those programs were spread across 39 federal agencies. They cost a great sum of money, about $ 120 billion a year. But the programs did not take into account local needs. Thats why they were called program for every problem." It was evident that national system of education had to be changed. Education has always been very important in America. It was a part of the American Dream.

And, most of all, it was necessary for the society, because educated people have more opportunity to get good job. During the recent years, the amounts of students who learn English as a second language has increased greatly. The students are referred as literacy students or ESL. There is a special attitude to these students while teaching them at schools. In our days many teachers agree that literacy students can get new experience in content area courses.

It is necessary to understand that very often ESL students speak English very fluently, but they can confuse while face academic English at school. A teacher should take into account this peculiarity and teach literacy students in a linguistic and cultural friendly environment. The process of teaching pupils is very important and is constantly changing. A great number of factors should be taken into consideration while teaching and communicating with ESL students. Bilingual education programs focuses on ESL students. The U.

S. Department of Education determines a bilingual education program as an educational program for limited English proficient students. Limited English proficiency students are those who have difficulties in speaking, reading, writing, or understanding English. They have no opportunity to live a full social life.

According to bilingual programs, all subjects in school should be taught in two different languages: English and a minority language. Bilingual education programs have several models such as Transitional Bilingual Education, Two-Way or Dual Language Bilingual Education, and Late-Exit or Developmental Bilingual Education. The transitional model is more widely spread than the others. The model proposes that ESL children have been learning subjects in their native language for three years, and after this period they will attend English-only classrooms. During the first three years, ESL students have been learning English. The period helps them to get some knowledge in math, science, and social studies; and they will adapt quicker in English-only classrooms where they will be taught only in English.

Dual-language Bilingual Education programs, known as immersion programs, have been designed for ESL students to educate them in two languages simultaneously. In such programs native and non-native speakers of English are taught at the same class. Though specialists emphasize that these programs are extremely effective because they help students adapt quickly and the progress will be better. The method is known as "sink or swim" method. There are special instructions and other helpful aids for non-native speakers. The program will help such students adapt to new culture quicker and improve their knowledge in English easily.

Though there are a lot of opponents to this program. They are sure that students speaking English as second language should be taught separately from native speakers. Such students will not benefit but will suffer from discrimination, because learning will be more difficult for them. So, they will make little progress while native speakers have to wait for them. In our days many teachers agree that literacy students can get new experience in content area courses. It is necessary to understand that very often ESL students speak English very fluently, but they can confuse while face academic English at school.

A teacher should take into account this peculiarity and teach literacy students in a linguistic and cultural friendly environment. There were a lot of discussions about bilingual education programs. The centre of those discussions became California. In 1968, Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (the Bilingual Education Act) was set.

It mandated bilingual education. A great number of immigrants were able to get education, because they were taught in their native languages. The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education was the landmark in discussing Proposition 227 that was adopted in California in 1998. In 2000, the English Only movement tried to eliminate bilingual education. The struggle took place in California, Arizona and other states.

The Proposition sets up a system that denies language minorities equal access to an effective education in public schools. But according to the Brown v. Board of Education decision a state has undertaken to provide an opportunity for an education in its public schools, such opportunity is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. " Proposition 227 was clearly a reversal of the intent of the law under the Brown decision. Even recently bilingual education has been much discussed. Supporters are sure that bilingual programs help students to achieve success in both the primary and secondary languages.

Most of all it is easier to master different subjects if they are taught in students language. The dual bilingual programs give students an opportunity to learn a new language and to know more about another culture. But these programs demand the teachers to be well equipped. They should prepare for their lessons more carefully. Thats why there are some problems with the dual bilingual programs; though they give better chance of success to children. Opponents of bilingual education state that such programs have no national ground.

They can be regarded as native language programs and do not give students to master the primary language skills of the culture they are in. Critics emphasize that the bilingual education programs have poor methodological support. Most of all, maintaining the bilingual education programs demands constant research of new methods of teaching. The most difficult problem is to train ESL bilingual staff and support models of staff development. Having examined some problems, a teacher should choose several strategies which he or she will follow to find the solutions of the problems. If the teacher is aware of students current needs and background, he or she selects or adapts tasks that help them practice language skills.

It should be pointed that the controversy over bilingual education always has large political and cultural context. People who do not support bilingual education can be accused as racists and xenophobes. It has happened with a conservative organization English First that supported English as the official language of the United States. At the other hand proponents of bilingual education are frequently accused of implant a conception of bilingual education. Opponents state the fact that various polls have shown that immigrant communities often speak against the bilingual language programs.

America has always been considered to have one of the best systems of education in the world because it has a wide and diverse amount of options available. No Child Left Behind Act is a historic reform. It was created taking into account the principle of equality. It pays great attention to all students. Much work remains to close the achievement gap in the early years. Even after four years of public schooling, most students perform below proficiency in both reading and mathematics.

Minority and disadvantaged students are most at risk for falling behind. It is a significant support to students for whom English is not a native language. Those students have not only language barrier but also cultural and psychological. The law firms that all children can receive a quality education; though they can have different ethnic and cultural background. A lot of immigrants in America are bi cultural; thats why they have little interest to their native heritage and have adopted American culture. Though they speak their native language but there is some difference.

Most of all immigrants in America are bilingual. Do you suppose that a person in another country that has a different culture is like a fish out of water? For newcomers, adjustments can be difficult in many different ways and the period of adjustment can vary from weeks to years. Adjustments have to be made in an immigrants family life, social life, and school life.

Primarily, families habits are different around the world because in every culture there are distinct ways of representing tradition. Secondarily, social life is also very unique in every part of our planet because people from everywhere like to socialize in different ways. Thirdly, international students attending schools in different parts of the world may experience multiple culture shocks when coming to a new country. Social life is also a major obstacle in an immigrants life because people from everywhere like to socialize in different ways. Making friends and communicating with people can become quite a formidable task because of the language barrier.

For example, when somebody moved from a foreign country to United States, he or she had a hard time making new friends because English was not the first language. The student does not speak proper English and since people do not have patient to understand him. The student is afraid of not making any friend. Therefore newcomers have to primarily learn the language so that they are able to succeed in meeting new people and making new friends. It is a very slow process and for some people it may be very hard to endure. It is essential to try to develop a group of people with whom one can share new experiences.

This is perhaps one of the fastest ways to begin to feel more at ease in another country School life can have some major problems for international students and immigrants studying in a different place. Foreign or immigrants students may be disoriented during the first few weeks at a new school because they do not comprehend the school system and are not comfortable asking questions. For example, in Asian culture, it is considered rude and disrespectful to the teacher and the other students to ask questions. As compare to American culture, students and teachers are much comfortable asking questions. The process of adapting to a new place is not easy but it is adjustable for immigrants. The examples of successful adjustments would be a foreign student among others who have settled in different areas of the world.

It is evident that moving from different countries to United States had certainly been difficult to students but it has exposed them to a whole new world of cultures. They experienced all the different styles of culture that exist in our globe today. Frankly speaking, it can become hard at first but immigrants needs to explore the cultural differences to success. Bibliography: Brown v.

Board of Education. Wrights Law: Law Library, the United States Supreme Court Web site, September, 2006. Retrieved December 3, 2006, from: web Ch. , Russell; K. , Baker, The effectiveness of bilingual education. Research in the Teaching of English, 30, pp. 7, 74, 1996. Guide to Education and No Child Left Behind. U.

S. Department of Education, Office of the Secretary, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, D. C. , 2004. S. D. , Krashen. Bilingual Education: Arguments for and Arguments Against.

University of Southern California professor's article, 1999. Retrieved December 3 from web S. G. , Harris; B. C. , Devlin. Bilingual programs. Encyclopedia of language and education, vol 5, pp. 114.

Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1996. web


Free research essays on topics related to: bilingual education programs, native speakers, bilingual programs, native language, language barrier

Research essay sample on Bilingual Education Programs Native Speakers

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