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Example research essay topic: Lizabeth Chen N Mass In America - 955 words

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Lizabeth Chen n Mass Consumption in America In her bk A Cnsumer's Republic: The Politics f Mass Consumption in Postwar America, Lizabeth Chen duse's the exuberance in a spring she f social history. Where the view f postwar cnsumers is that we were coming together as ne nation under tailing, push buttons and broadcast TV, Chen asserts that in mre important respects we were actually moving farther apart. Lizabeth Chen's thoroughly given research is a readable history n cnsumers, and hw it came t be such a free and part f ur lives in America. Chen bases her views mostly n an analysis f her hme state f New Jersey, but she could be writing abut anywhere in these United States f Generic. The explosive growth in the 50 s f the cnsumers market in New Jersey and elsewhere in the nation pushed many economic total t new highs. But socially, politically and even physically, the American landscape became mre divided and lines f class, race and gender.

Fueling this press was the increasing privatization f all aspects f American life. Cnsumers movements have lng flourished in America, Chen maintains, mst notably in the muckraking f the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries (which resulted in federal standards fr fd and drugs) and the cst-f-living press and buy where yu can wrk bytes f the Great Depression. Chen argues that mass culture and consumption standardized American life in the 1920 s. What changed in the Cnsumer's Republic was the shift in emphasis frm the citizen cnsumers t the purchaser cnsumers. The first represented the public interest, the send the marketplace. The first had rights, the send demographics.

The story f the Cnsumers Republic is the story f the rise f the suburbs, where the majority f Americans nw live, wrk and shp. Henry Frd predicted the demise f the urban environment earlier in the 20 th century when he said, The city is does. We will site the problem by leaving the city. The private automobile provided the means f transportation, but government literally and figuratively paved the way. Federal subsidies fr highway construction and hme mortgages gave many urban dwellers the physical and financial means t escape the perceived tables f the city. At the local level, zoning rules fr developing residential subdivisions and shipping centers be up the mass public and erected strict boundaries f class and race.

Grund zero f the Cnsumer's Republic was the single-family huse. Its division f last consisted f Dad as chief executive and treasurer, Mm as the manager f perkins and the kids as the productive uncut. There was als the plethora f gds and services f the domestic economy, frm appliances, furnishings and maintenance supplies t the daily consumables, clothing and personal effects f each family member t the vehicles needed fr wrk and play and s n. These items were duplicated in every hme in every neighbored in America, all the responsibility f the individual homeowner. The perfect metaphor f self-reliance in the Cnsumer's Republic was the hme fall shelter, where each family became accountable fr its wn survival in the event f nuclear holocaust.

And nt surprisingly, these facilities were mst free built in suburban areas by people with middle-class incme's and are, wh had the space and my fr them. Where Chen really excels is showing hw social, economic and political free came together in the Cnsumer's Republic. After the Send World War, converting back t the peacetime economy meant als reestablishing the dominance f the mostly white men coming hme frm service. The nuclear family was posted as the fundamental social and economic unit, tightening gender rle's that the wartime economy had lined.

Programs such as the GI Bill and VA lans worked t men's advantage, especially fr the regionally frm mre privileged background. The income tax cde and lending guidelines further concentrated financial power in the hands f men. (What we nw call the marriage penalty started ut as a but given t predominantly male head-f-household taxpayers t subsidize their nuclear families; married when did nt have legal access t credit ratings independent f their husbands until the Fair Credit Act was passed in the 70 s. ) Hmewners associations and shipping center security policies kept ut undesirables, typically the pr and blacks. Moving int the 60 s, market segmentation techniques began t slice and dice the population int even smaller grup's, spilling ver int the special interest politics we know that. As an upgrowth f Chen's New Deal research, this bk seems intent n representing the Cnsumer's Republic as a missed ppr tunity fr furthering the social welfare agenda that arse between the tw World Wars.

Hence, little space is devoted t hw the stage was set fr the postmodern condition in which we live. Chen recognizes that production practices shifted and the 70 s, as Third World sweatshops began supplying designer jeans, Nike running shes and ther cnsumers items t the First World. But her claim that growing income disparity in the US simply prompted marketers t me upscale and abandon the mass market isnt entirely accurate. Census Bureau statistics frm the 70 s shw that personal consumption continued also unabated across the bard even though real incme's dropped. These consumption levels were maintained by the entry f mre when int the workforce (typically in working-class ccupatins) and the expansion f unsecured debt, primarily higher reviving credit card balances. This legacy lives n that.

Still, this debt negate Chen's basic thesis s much as shw that theres plenty f grist fr grinding ut the next chapter f the story. Reference: Chen, Lizabeth. 2003. A cnsumers's republic: the politics f mass consumption in postwar America. New You: Know.


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