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Example research essay topic: 21 St Century Gender Roles - 1,701 words

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Aristotle Today Aristotle is one of the most famous Greek philosophers and one the founders of philosophy as a whole. He lived in 384 - 322 BC and was very well informed and educated in a broad range of different topics including philosophy, science, and biology. One of his biggest achievements was the use of logic in conducting different types of researches, which certainly was a key point of his success. About 400 books belong to Aristotle and they impress with a variety of topics discussed in them. Aristotle's works were especially valuable in the areas of ethics, logic, physics, psychology, and rhetoric.

However, one thing this philosopher lacked and it was imagination. Aristotle unlike some other ancient philosophers was short of creativity and therefore, in my opinion, for him the change in setting could result into the change of conceptual perception of the world. Today, many things have changed so drastically that it would be interesting to look at Aristotle's reaction on a variety of modern issues, which are taken by a majority of people as inevitable and absolutely logical events. Therefore, the goal of this essay would be to discuss Aristotle's perception of modern reality. Nevertheless, before I would imagine this philosopher in todays life and would describe his perception of the reality, first I think I need to acknowledge his concepts in order to create a vivid contrast between Aristotelian teachings and modern views.

In biology Aristotle proposed that there is a complete set of species that reproduce the same type, which is quite similar to the original ones, but is not changing resulting into the appearance of new kinds or types. If Aristotle has read works of Charles Darwin, he would be surprised with his concept that even today is considered the foundation of biology. Besides, if Aristotle would find out about the idea of genetics, he would probably receive the answer to many of his questions. In some ways, the new knowledge could both support and reject some of Aristotle's principles. Especially the big difference could be found if to study Aristotelian psychological dimensions. First, for Aristotle the psychology itself was considered the study of the humans sole.

In his conceptual framework, form and matter were closely fitted and existed together. Very interesting in my opinion would be to look at the Aristotelian definition of sole, which suggests: kind of functioning of body organized so that it can support vital functions. He considered that the soul is tightly associated with body denying that a sole is a spiritual entity. As far as I understand, the soul is used for feelings of all kinds, but not for the supporting just physiological needs. Soul just wants the body to feel good and to relax in the majority of cases, and it is not responsible for the functioning of the body.

Therefore, soul is such an entity, which only uses the body. Well, there are a lot of people who would agree on this point and if the Aristotle would be told something like this, he would say: Nonsense! and would consider modern views on that point as abnormal ones. Soul is a very interesting entity, on the understanding of which for a couple of thousand years, many philosophers have been trying to find a right explanation. Still nobody exactly knows what is soul and how does it exist. For this reason I think it would be reasonable to drop such an issue, because it is very hard to find the correct answer on this question.

I think that Aristotelian views on the intelligence, that were based on the principle: There is nothing in the intellect and that was not first in the senses, would be absolutely changed if the would see the world today. First, intellect is not a sense, and second, human intellect was the primary reason of all the progress of humankind in all the spheres of life. Another thing would be to discuss the drives that led humankind to the sophistication, not a physical one, but an intellectual. I guess Aristotle would find an answer to this question if he would live in a modern world with knowledge that is available for people today. Aristotle believed that a freedom of choice for an individual would lead towards the impossibility of establishing human relationships in a considerably practical way. However, all humans tend to establish healthy and happy environment for their personal needs.

Well, actually according to this issue Aristotle was not mistaken in his beliefs. Today, it is quite easy to notice the right interpretation of his belief just by observing the lives of people. The influence of Aristotle's philosophy has been pervasive; it has even helped to shape modern language and common sense. His doctrine of the Prime Mover as final cause played an important role in theology.

Until the 20 th century, logic meant Aristotle's prepositional logic, because new kinds of logic, such as quantification al logic, are viewed as more powerful in terms of the representation, which Aristotle's syllogisms. Until the Renaissance, and even later, astronomers and poets alike admired his concept of the universe. In the 21 st century, a new appreciation has developed of Aristotle's method and its relevance to education, literary criticism, the analysis of human action, and political analysis. Unfortunately, for Aristotle, todays science had proceeded so far, that all Aristotelian concepts simply mean nothing. This would, probably make him sad, if he would appear in the 21 st century. In his metaphysics, Aristotle argued for the existence of a divine being, described as the Prime Mover, who will be in charge of the unity and purposefulness of nature.

God is perfect and therefore the aspiration of all things in the world, because all things desire to share perfection. Other movers exist as wealth intelligent movers of the planets and stars. According to the Aristotle's assumption, there were 55 or 47. The Prime Mover, or God, described by Aristotle is not very suitable for religious needs, as many later theologians and philosophers have observed. Aristotle limited his theology, however, to what he believed would be for the needs of science. So, if the Aristotle would hear such a bad news, he definitely will be frustrated what he spent his best years for.

The ideas of Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato had a great impact on the development of western philosophy, which certainly had an influence on the development of western type of lifestyle. Gender roles were explained by these philosophers in absolutely different manner. Taking into account that they were both in the same Academy, it becomes not hard to imagine that they often had discussions of this issue and as their views were opposite, but each was sure, that his theory was the right one. Aristotle for instance believed that a male is naturally created to be better commander, than a female. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that Aristotle was not a feminist. First, the term feminism is needed to be defined, because there are still different views concerning this matter.

General explanation of feminism can be explained as the absolute equality of genders, which leads to the point that neither sex can be more privileged in dominating the other. The goal of feminists then would be to create such a type of society in which previously mentioned parameters should take place. In order to draw a complete picture of Aristotle's view on the gender roles, I should add some of major points of his view. Aristotle thought that man is much closer to be a perfect creation than a woman is. Women are limited in the absolute possession of good qualities; therefore, for them it will be harder or impossible at all to reach the point of perfection. Another Aristotle's claim is that women are not able to perceive nature rationally.

Aristotle makes an accent in his works that women do not possess sufficient practical reason for being a complete a human being. This can be related with his basic principle that the better ones deserve more. He even insists on the point that a wife should love her husband more than a husband loves his wife. The basic idea of the Aristotelian gender roles is that male should have an absolute dominance in every kind of social interaction.

Man should command and the woman should listen this leads to the point that women will not have any access to any kind of power over men. Therefore, if Aristotle would travel through the time in the 21 st century, he would have seen that his points were incorrect. He would be amazed on how deeply mistaken he was. Today women do not have all the power in their hand and still do not split the power equally with men.

But it is due to the short period of time that have passes since women started to achieve equal rights with men. It is quite easy to notice that a tendency towards the leveling off the dominance men and in the future (maybe in the next 20 years) women will have absolutely equal opportunities as men. As we see, genders are equal, and psychologists have already proved this. I guess, that Aristotle's travel in time would make both happy and unhappy.

First, he would be happy was seeing how the world has changed and would be pleased, because many of his concepts match the life, even after thousands of years. Second, he would feel sad for his view of principles of gender roles. As it was already mentioned before, Plato's beliefs according this issue have been a correct ones, while Aristotelian were not. However, I think that there is no need for Aristotle to travel through the time, even if he would want to do so. He was a great philosopher. Even today his ideas are still very valuable, and if to take into consideration the time, then he is definitely genius.

Sources: J J Cleary, Aristotle on the many senses of priority (Carbondale, IL, 1988). J Lear, Aristotle and logical theory (Cambridge-New York, 1980). S Waterloo, Nature, Change, and Agency in Aristotle's "Physics" (1982). R Sorabji, Necessity, Cause, and Blame: Perspectives on Aristotle's Theory (1980)...


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