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... eet, tougher subjects to study, and new choices to make. It had been previously proven that a large number of people enrolled in their freshman or sophomore year of college begin using tobacco products, or if they had already been using such projects, their rate of use increased during there first few years. For this observation, anyone who was enrolled in six credits or more was considered eligible. The survey that would collect the information was sent to three thousand students at this major Midwestern University that remained unnamed throughout the study. Patients would reply with their consent or protest and from here the students were sent a booklet that took approximately twenty minutes to complete.
Upon return of the booklet, the student's answers were scored according to forty six variables and from here the results were analyzed to tell how much tobacco impacted their performance and mood in relevance to the school setting (Lenz 2002). A common attempt to lessen the patient's symptoms involves administering a prescription for anti-depressant medication. However, as stated earlier, this is merely an attempt. Sometimes certain anti-depressants are ineffective, or their side-effects are very unpleasant. A study was performed on this because the patients on the medicine that was supposed to make them feel normal again reportedly made them feel anything but.
In this study, patients were recruited by psychological practices in North London. If the patient was between eighteen and sixty five years of age, diagnosed with depression according to specific criteria, and beginning a course of anti-depressant medicine, they were acceptable for participation. Fifty-one people qualified and continued with the experiment. Throughout this study, two interviews were conducted with each person. The first was one to three months into the course of taking anti-depressants, and the other was three months after the first. The second was taken to evaluate changes that may have occurred and to assess the perspective of that patient in regards to the medication at the time.
The interviews were videotaped with the interviewee's consent. Questions included inquiring about physical symptoms associated with depression, whether they felt that anti-depressants had a positive or negative overall effect, and what benefits they felt, if any (Garfield et al. , 2003). Sometimes anti-depressants and psychological counseling are not enough in the eyes of the patients, or they have not sought help at all. In this case, some turn to self-mutilation and suicidal behavior. This is usually due to the mentality that there is no other way out than ending one's life or to release the pain inside through self-inflicted blood flow. There are a number of establishments that try to prevent such things from happening.
One study examined what precursors to suicide may be so that eventually it will be more preventable. This study involved administering a questionnaire to one hundred undergraduate psychology students, 42 of which were men and the remaining 58 women, all with a mean age of twenty-one years. This questionnaire consisted of twenty five items that those involved were supposed to rate on a five point scale with one being a very poor reason to attempt suicide and five representing a very good reason. Some of the items on the survey ready for rating were being diagnosed with AIDS, your partner having an affair, death of a parent, and having no money. This survey was completely voluntary, and the students taking it received no credit for completing it (Smyth et al. , 2004).
Results When it comes to hating one's self, the Solomon et al study shows that while in principle people are correct in their assumptions of what the opposite sex finds attractive, they exaggerate it to an unhealthy level. After surveying a vast number of college students, it was found that people think the opposite sex has certain expectations of their bodies, yet the opposite sex is not nearly as harsh on them as the people think they are. From what has been learned in this study, it turns out that the vast majority of people who hate themselves for their body image and what they perceive the opposite sex will expect of them have little or no reason to be as concerned as they are. An inference in reference to this would be that if the results of this study were widely distributed to the American people that self-loathers would have less to worry about and their feelings would be less apt to lead to depression (Solomon et al. , 2001). In reference to the emotionally disturbed students, it was found that those who had been diagnosed as such suffered more from depression than children who did not have to live with emotional disturbance. Their ages were not relevant in this matter when the children were disturbed, as their depressive feelings were very prominent.
The others who had not been categorized were also found to be depressed, and it is in them that grade level and age mattered. Those at a high school level proved to be more depressed than those who did not concern themselves with work at the elevated levels (Cullinan et al. , 2004). The study examining very young children through interviewing their mothers and then evaluating the original subjects again but at a later age proved no surprising results. It was found that mothers who went through depression for significant periods of time prior to conceiving their children and mothers diagnosed with postpartum depression parented children who had more issues related to depression and unhappiness.
Use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as social disorders also contributed to the abnormal behavior in the children. It was also found that these children had more of a chance to become violent or exhibit violent behavior than children who had mothers of a healthy age, mental background and social background (Tremblay et al. , 2003). Depression was found to cause a number of things according to the examination of rural adolescence. One variable that was found to be a common link in those who are depressed is that they do not exercise as much as they should, meaning that if they took the time to exercise they might feel better about themselves.
Problems with one's self-esteem and problems within school also ranked near the top of the list for what can cause depression in a child living in a rural setting. Issues with peers ranked lower on the scale. This study concluded that people who possess baseline depressive symptoms are very likely to be diagnosed with depression later in life. It was also found that children with depressive symptoms are more likely to participate in sexual activity and abuse drugs and alcohol than children who do not have symptoms of depression (Burns et al. , 2003). The tobacco related study showed that stress contributes to depression at a very high rater, and if a person can find means to cope with their stress, they are less likely to exhibit depressive symptoms. However, this study found that if a person is aware of and uses a method to reduce stress, they are more likely to use tobacco products.
There is still a strong link between tobacco users and the depressed, though. It was also found that those who are unhappy with their bodies are more likely to smoke cigarettes (Lenz 2002). The antidepressant side-effect evaluation yielded results that were all based on the opinion of those who have been diagnosed with mental complications. Ninety-six percent of the respondents to this study related that there are both positive and negative aspects of taking anti-depressant medication. The remaining four percent said that all results of taking anti-depressants were negative.
One of the main issues with those who found all things negative in the medication was that people treated them differently when they were made aware their acquaintance had been pronounced depressed and were taking medication in an effort to remedy the symptoms. Fourteen percent of respondents said that they believed the medication was ineffective. All involved reported that they did not feel "normal" even though they were led to believe that anti-depressants would bring them back to a "normal" state (Garfield et al. , 2003). There were no significant differences between genders when it came to the experiment regarding precursors to youth suicide.
It was found that some of the highest ranked indicators were events that are apt to happen to anyone. Difficulty in social situations, such as not being able to acquire a significant other, illness, and death within the closely-linked family were topping the arrangements of warning signs for suicide. All in all, the most prevalent theme in causing depression that could lead to suicide is loss. Loss of role status, such as termination of a long term relationship, and death are two occasions that can drive a person to suicidal aspirations (Smyth et al. , 2004). Discussion Depression can be defined as the center of a spider web. There are many things that can cause it which branch out to one side, and there are also a vast number of occurrences that could result from having depression.
A more common cause is when a person hates themselves and finds it very difficult to change this on their own. From here, the person becomes depressed. It can be brought on more by childhood events or lessened by tobacco use. Stress can also increase the probability that a person succumbs to depression. If a person is optimistic and has high hopes for the future, they are not likely to sink into a depression deep enough to merit psychoanalysis or anti-depressant medication prescriptions. Past events are crucial in determining whether or not a person may be diagnosed with depression in the future, for it is very rare that a fortunate person who has not had to cope with loss will find themselves suffering from symptoms of depression.
One can also not expect to feel like they did before the affliction once they start taking medication to help. It is extremely rare that a person is one hundred percent satisfied with how they feel during the courses of medication to alleviate depression. It is also more likely a person will attempt suicide or self-mutilation if they are diagnosed with depression and are prescribed anti-depressants. This is one warning sign compiled with many others in what may cause youth to want to end their life. Depression is a rather simple infirmity when it is broken down. It is not always brought about by inborn psychological problems like other mental diseases are.
As simple as it may be, it is a problem that plagues a very large number of people worldwide.
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