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Example research essay topic: The Four Political Parties Of Canada - 1,094 words

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In a country as vast and as culturally diverse as Canada, many different political opinions can be found stretched across the country. From the affluent neighbourhoods of West Vancouver to the small fishing towns located on the east coast of Newfoundland, political opinions and affiliations range from the left wing to the right wing. To represent these varying political views, Canada has four official national political parties to choose from: the Liberals (who are currently in power), the Progressive Conservatives, the New Democrats, and the Reform Party. What is particularly interesting is that none of the latter three parties compose Her Majesty's Official Opposition in the House of Commons. The Bloc Quebecois, a Quebec separatist party who only ran candidates in the province of Quebec in the last federal election in 1993, won 54 seats in that province, and claimed the title of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition over the Reform Party, who garnered only 52 seats. Because the Bloc ran candidates only in Quebec, it would be difficult to think of them being a national political party, even though they hold a significant number of seats in the national legislature.

This paper will examine the significant early history of Canada's four main national political parties, and then will analyse their current state, referring to recent major political victories / disasters , and the comparison of major economic policy standpoints, which will ultimately lead to a prediction of which party will win the next federal election in Canada. Starting on the far left, there is the New Democratic Party of Canada. Today's modern New Democratic Party was originally called the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), and was founded in 1932. Originally led by a man by the name of James Shaver Wordsworth, the CCF was formed by several radical farming groups who found out that they had more similarities with each other than just their destitution. The 1920 's had been a dark period for radicals and unions within Canada; poverty and significantly lower wages for workers were prevalent, and apathy regarding these issues was rampant.

When the depression wove its destructive web across Canada in the 1930 s, proponents of capitalism were staggered, but their left-wing opponents were too busy coming to the aid of the victims of the depression, and could not deal with the capitalists effectively. When the CCF was officially formed in Calgary, they adopted the principle policy of being 'a co-operative commonwealth, in which the basic principle regulating production, distribution and exchange will be the supplying of human needs instead of the making of profits. ' (Morton, p. 12, 1986) Meanwhile, in Eastern Canada, a group of scholars formed the League for Social Reconstruction (LSR), and gave the Canadian left a version of socialism that was related in some respects to the current social and economic situation in Canada. In 1933, the CCF had its first major convention in Regina, Saskatchewan, and the original policy platform first proposed by the CCF was replaced by a manifesto prepared by an LSR committee and originally drafted by a Toronto scholar, Frank Underhill. The Regina Manifesto, as it is known as today, put emphasis on 'economic planning, nationalisation of financial institutions, public utilities and natural resources, security of tenure for farmers, a national labour code, socialized health services and greatly increased economic powers for the central government. ' (Morton, p. 12, 1986) As a supplement to the feverish mood created by the convention, the Regina convention concluded by saying 'no CCF Government will rest content until it has eradicated capitalism and put into operation the full programme of socialized planning which will lead to the establishment in Canada of the Co-operative Commonwealth. ' (Morton, p. 12, 1986). The CCF tried to garner more popular support later down the road, and after calling itself the New Party in 1960, it changed its name officially to the New Democratic Party (NDP) in 1962. Over the years, the NDP has become a large force in Canadian politics, becoming an alternative to the Conservatives and Liberals. (Morton, pgs. 12 - 27, 1986) Even to the casual Canadian political observer, the NDP is generally regarded as the party at the bottom of the political barrel at the federal level.

In the last Canadian federal election in 1993 under the leadership of Audrey McLoughlin, the NDP went from holding 43 seats in the House of Commons to only 9. McLoughlin resigned, paving the way for the election of the former leader of the Nova Scotia NDP to the federal post, Alexa McDonough in 1994. On the provincial level, however, the NDP has experienced some success of late. Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan have had (or currently have) an NDP provincial mandate. (Guy, p. 384, 1995) On the policy front, the NDP seem to be most concerned with a plan for 'fair taxes now. ' (fairtaxnow.

html, 1997) According to the NDP, 'it's time banks and big corporations paid their fair share -- so we can better afford health care, education and other services for middle class and working families. ' (fairtaxnow. html, 1997) Some of the key points of the NDP's 'fair taxes now' campaign include 'a minimum corporate tax, a minimum wealth tax, an end to tax breaks for profitable corporations that lay people off, an end to corporate deductions for meals and entertainment, and increased federal auditing and enforcement of existing corporate taxes, ' (fairtaxnow. html, 1997) to name a few. Of course, these recommendations for taxation reform reflect the typical left-wing, socialistic standpoints that the NDP has stood for ever since its inception. Moving further towards the centre of the political scale, the current federal governing party in Canada, the Liberal Party of Canada, is found.

Liberals in an independent form started to be elected to the various legislatures around the country in the middle of the 1800 s, with a formal party being created in the late 1800 s. The purpose of forming a formal party was a response to the increasing popularity of the Conservatives in Canada; '... the rural Clear Grits of Upper Canada, the anti-clerical rouges, and the reform element in the Maritimes came together gradually as the Liberal Party. ' (McMenemy, pg. 10, 1976) In its early years, the Liberal Party reflected the various demographics of religion and geography among the voting public in Canada. With widespread support in Canada's rural areas several years after Confederation, 'the Liberal Party opposed protectionism and supported commercial reciprocity with the United States. It also opposed MacDonald's program of railway construction. Led by Sir Wife...


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Research essay sample on The Four Political Parties Of Canada

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