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Example research essay topic: Nuclear Arms North Atlantic - 1,100 words

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... ians launched sputnik into orbit, which stirred up the reactions of the members of NATO, who were not at all happy with the developments in technology that the Soviets were achieving. In December of 1957 the Heads of Government met to discuss how NATO was to equip itself if Russia, who was more than capable of launching a nuclear attack, were to fire on a country. NATO's members saw it necessary to keep a stock of nuclear war-heads, and to make available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, intermediate range ballistic missiles. Any development of nuclear arms would be decided by the countries directly concerned in the confrontation.

This was a big step for NATO because now they were equipped with weapons that could provide the defense necessary if any attack were to take place. In 1960 NATO began to developement mobile forces which were land and air means of defense that could be dispatched to a country under attack. This would allow for many smaller European countries to be a part of a unit that would deter any aggressor that may issue an attack. Another major development took place in 1963 when NATO strengthened its nuclear force substantially, by adding three submarines to the United States, and added the V-Bomber force to the United Kingdom.

In 1966 the decision to establish two nuclear planning and policy making bodies, that were to remain until dispersed. The nuclear Defense Affairs Committee is one of these, the responsibilities of its members include policy making on nuclear affairs of the alliance. The second being the Nuclear Planning Group (NPG), which was comprised of seven elected officials from the NDAC. The NPG deals with the more specific issues that come along with the use of nuclear arms. These two organizations allow for the safety of many countries to be maintained, their objective is to make sure that the guidelines that they set are followed. I believe that they are responsible for a large portion of NATO's stability because of the dramatic effects of a nuclear strike against any country.

The North Atlantic Council is the highest authority that dictates the basic guidelines that make up pact between the alliance. The council is made up of representatives from the members, all countries are equal in their voting status for any decision. Upon meeting the council has the choice of meeting on the level of ministers or permanent representatives, which do meet at a certain time every year. When the ministerial meetings are called for each country may send several of their ministers, depending on the criteria that will be discussed.

If the country for some reason is not able to send a minister as representation they may be represented by Heads of Government. The council of ministers usually meets two or three times a year, although the permanent representatives meet once or twice a week. The council does not deal with defense matters which are left to the Defense Planning Committee. What they do decide on is everything else besides defense, in a way they are the peacekeepers. The defense council and the North Atlantic Council can be brought together very quickly if need be to make strategic decisions that could effect the security of a member of the alliance. The Secretary General is Chairman of the North Atlantic Council, Defense Planning Committee, and Nuclear Planning Committee, also he is responsible for the direction of the international staff that makes up the rest of NATO.

The responsibility that the Secretary General holds is tremendous, he has the ability to make decisions that could effect the world. The Assistant Secretary General has the power over the Political Committee, and the Information and Cultural relations between the many members of NATO. The responsibility that he holds is mainly directed by the organization of all political affairs concerned with NATO, and the functions that it may find itself involved in. Many people make up the political staff of NATO, but since there are a variety of sectors that each is responsible for working in conjunction with each other is a must. NATO has been growing rapidly from the time it was formed some fifty years ago, which has proved to be a succesful half decade. The members of NATO have been confronted with an assortment of problems that made it neccessary to establish new rules to protect the innocent lives that were at stake.

Many people forget the real reason NATO was formed, and that was to make sure that the safety and security of the inhabitants of the member countries was to remain intact. As the years passed and NATO began to play a large role in world politics the views that the Europeans held were not the same as the Americans. For the majority of the smaller European countries their perception of the struggle between Russia and The United States to see who was the real superpower may drag them into a confrontation that they wanted no parts of. Throughout the eighties The United States has been labeled as unrespectful toward the interest of many of the alliance countries, which in a way was true, but if the U. S. did not step up to the leadership position then who would.

There had to be a leader, and why not America who had already proclaimed its democratic nature. A poll was taken in Europe in the late 1980 's, the poll asked what the European public thought of the current alliance. Their response they were fearful of the Soviet and U. S. military buildup of nuclear arms.

Also as the decline of communism has come into effect through much of Europe, with the exception of Italy, the Soviet Union is now viewed with the same regards held for the U. S. In 1987 a Gallup poll Americans felt obliged to protect any European country from invasion, particularly an attack led by Soviet forces. Although in the same year another poll was taken, and for the majority many of the alliance countries were in favor of NATO as a whole, and saw it as a gateway into European politics.

For the most part many countries, including The United States, were in favor of NATO and the manner in which it functioned. It acted as a safety net for many countries that could not defend themselves against attack from a more capable country. NATO was not the aggressor in any situation, when a conflict arose NATO would be there to make sure that the confrontation would be resolved in the quickest, safest, and most efficient fashion. Bibliography:


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Research essay sample on Nuclear Arms North Atlantic

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