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Example research essay topic: Washington D C 11 November 2000 - 1,254 words

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... report of the investigation is completed by the Safety Board staff and forwarded to the Safety Board for consideration. The five Board Members then deliberate over the final report in a public meeting, resulting in a ruling to adopt or reject the findings of the investigation. Recommendations resulting from the investigation are forwarded to the appropriate agency or industry where corrective action is suggested to take place. The NTSB and the addressee then typically engage in a series of exchanges, revisions, substitutions, and clarifications before a recommendation can be classified, "Closed, Acceptable. " Accident Investigation Today International Role Under Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention, the international treaty that provides the structure for the governance of civil aviation throughout the world, the NTSB is the government agency charged with the responsibility for assuring compliance with U. S.

obligations (Lebow, et al. 17). In the event of a civil aviation accident outside of U. S. territory, the NTSB appoints the accredited U. S. representatives to the investigation and oversees advisors from the U.

S. aviation industry. It is critical to the mission of the Board that it be allowed to participate in accidents involving U. S. -made aircraft, systems, structures and registered air carriers. NTSB involvement enables U. S.

authorities to take necessary measures to prevent future accidents based on the findings of the investigation. The agency also provides necessary technical support, such as the readout of cockpit voice recorders and flight data recorders, to foreign investigators. Most Wanted List The NTSB's "Most Wanted" list was created in 1990 to highlight recommendations the Board feels should be acted on as soon as possible (Donoghue 46). These recommendations, the agency feels, have the most potential to improve safety, save lives, and reduce accidents and injuries. Once a "Most Wanted" recommendation is classified, "Closed, Acceptable, " meaning suitable action has been taken to address the concern, it is taken off the list and replaced with a new one. The Board maintains a list of ten "Most Wanted" improvements, encompassing all modes of transportation, not just aviation.

Since the program's inception, the list has had a positive impact on a variety of transportation safety issues. Outreach The Board also has an outreach program designed to persuade others to act on specific safety issues. These outreach efforts include conducting industry symposia, workshops, and advocating safety initiatives at various governmental levels. NTSB-Inspired Improvements On a December evening in 1972, an Eastern Airlines L- 1011 crashed into the Florida Everglades while on approach to Miami International airport. Almost two years later, a TWA 727 crashed into a mountain while on approach to Washington Dulles International Airport.

The common thread in these two accidents was that not one mechanical malfunction contributed to either accident. The Safety Board concluded that these two accidents resulted from an anomaly termed "controlled flight into terrain." Furthermore, the Board concluded that a terrain warning system in the cockpit could have prevented these accidents (We Are All Safer 6). The Board's recommendation called for all large passenger aircraft to be equipped with a ground proximity warning system that issues aural warnings when an aircraft is approaching terrain. The FAA adopted this recommendation and has since extended the requirement to commuter aircraft with 10 or more seats.

Since 1968, the Safety Board has issued over 60 recommendations addressing winds hear and related weather issues. Major recommendations were first issued following the 1975 crash of an Eastern Air Lines 727 in New York. In early August 1985, a Delta Air Lines L- 1011 crashed while trying to land at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport during a thunderstorm. It was the seventh fatal airline accident since 1970 found to be attributable to the weather phenomenon called winds hear (We Are All Safer 10). As a result of the Safety Board's recommendations, research efforts were launched that increased our knowledge and understanding of winds hear. Safety improvements such as enhanced winds hear training for pilots, low-level winds hear alert systems and the installation of Terminal Doppler Weather Radar at major airports were developed as a result of the Board's findings.

On July 17, 1996, Trans World Airlines flight 800, a 747 - 100, suffered an in-flight breakup over the Atlantic Ocean shortly after takeoff from JFK International Airport. Investigators determined that the aircraft experienced a catastrophic explosion of the center wing fuel tank, which killed all 230 onboard (We Are All Safer 28). The extensive recovery effort and subsequent investigation resulted in recommendations and improvements made in coordination with the FAA and Boeing Aircraft. It has led to heightened awareness and understanding of the hazards posed by fuel vapor at elevated temperatures, the flammability of Jet A fuels, shortcomings in fuel tank electrostatic protection, deficiencies in electrical surge protection, failing fuel pump safety, and an understanding of aging wiring issues.

With respect to the 747 fleet, the Board's recommendations have resulted in fuel system product improvements, service bulletins and airworthiness directives to correct issues uncovered by the investigation ("Final Report"). Conclusion Focused Goals The NTSB's strategic plan clearly states what it expects to accomplish for the taxpayer: 4 goals aimed at preventing or reducing the severity of future transportation accidents. Its mission is focused and its responsibility is great. To prevent future accidents, save lives, and reduce injuries and property damage.

To ensure that survivors and families of victims of transportation accidents receive timely, compassionate assistance from the operator, other government agencies, and community service organizations. To provide aviators and mariners with fair, timely, independent appellate review of certificate actions taken by the FAA and the US Coast Guard. To be the best managed agency in government in order to facilitate the accomplishment of other goals ("Strategic Plan"). Summary The NTSB's vision is for the public to continue to have confidence in the nation's transportation systems, even when accidents do occur. Knowing that an independent body will determine the causes of accidents and recommend corrective actions be taken is a large part of the public's assurance. The NTSB has become a critical link in the chain that ensures the safety of the traveling public in the United States and throughout the world.

Its investigative practices, determination, the passion that its employees possess, and most of all, the commitment to improving all aspects of safety in transportation under scrutiny and the most demanding of circumstances, are what makes the National Transportation Safety Board the worldwide standard. It is in the interest of all who travel, by whatever mode, to ensure that the NTSB continues to strive for excellence in independent accident investigation. Works Cited Donoghue, J. A. No Trespassing.

Air Transport World. March 2000: 46 - 48. Final Report. National Transportation Safety Board. web 11 November 2000. Goglia, John. "NTSB. " Issues in Aviation Lecture Series.

Daniel Webster College: Nashua. 28 November 2000. Lebow, Cynthia C. ; Liam P. Sars field; William L. Stanley; Emile Ettedgui; and Garth Henning.

Safety in the Skies: Personnel and Parties in NTSB Accident Investigations. Santa Monica, CA: Institute for Civil Justice RAND, 1999. Strategic Plan. National Transportation Safety Board. < web NTSB/strategic / plan . htm> 11 November 2000. United States.

National Transportation Safety Board. 1996 Annual Report to Congress. Washington, D. C. , 1996. United States. National Transportation Safety Board. 1997 Annual Report to Congress. Washington, D.

C. , 1997. United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Code of Federal Regulations, Part 800. Washington, D. C. : GPO, 2000.

We Are All Safer. 2 nd ed. Washington, D. C. : National Transportation Safety Board, July 1998.


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Research essay sample on Washington D C 11 November 2000

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