Example research essay topic: Water Environment And Sanitation - 1,168 words

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Issue The combination of safe drinking water and hygienic sanitation facilities is a precondition for health and for success in the fight against poverty, hunger, child deaths and gender inequality. UNICEF works in more than 90 countries around the world to improve water supplies and sanitation facilities in schools and communities, and to promote safe hygiene practices. All UNICEF water and sanitation programmes are designed to contribute to the Millennium Development Goal for water and sanitation: to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe water and basic sanitation. Key strategies for meeting the water, sanitation and hygiene challenges are to: "X Accelerate access to water and sanitation with particular attention to those currently not reached in both urban and rural areas.

Efforts will be concentrated on improving the management and allocation of resources and ensuring that access to water and sanitation services enhances health and sustainable livelihoods for the poor. "X Focus on essential, low-cost services, ranging from household! V level services to community-based maintenance and operation systems. "X Encourage household water security by making enough water of adequate quality available year-round to ensure family survival, health and productivity, without compromising the integrity of the environment. "X Strengthen policies and institutional frameworks needed to improve sanitation, safe water supply and hygiene, and build government capacities for leadership and responsibility. "X Raise the profile of sanitation, water and improved environmental health in all political and developmental venues. "X Strengthen partnerships involving United Nations agencies (in particular with the World Health Organization and United Nations Environment Programme), development banks, government development assistance agencies and sectoral institutions such as the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and private funding foundations such as the Conrad Hilton Foundation. "X Develop clear and measurable indicators for monitoring progress that builds on the strengths of the established WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring programme. ACTION Promoting enabling environments Community and household water security Water, sanitation and education Water and sanitation in schools Putting girls first Water and sanitation in emergencies A balanced package of support Coordinating with partners Building on successes in emergencies Emergency preparedness Publications UNICEF publications on water, sanitation and hygiene A selection of technical, policy and advocacy documents produced by UNICEF on water, sanitation, hygiene and the environment. Includes Waterfront! XUNICEF's newsletter on sectoral issues! Xand the Technical Guideline Series.

See also the UNICEF Publications page for additional water and sanitation-related titles. (Note that links to partner organizations on this page will open in a new window and will take you to a non-UNICEF web site. ) Latest: Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: a Mid-Term Assessment of Progress The latest publication from the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme on global statistics for water and sanitation. The coverage figures - from 1990 and 2002 - show that the sanitation target of halving the number of unnerved people worldwide by 2015 will not be met without a dramatic acceleration in the provision of services. [PDF or print version] [Web version] Childhood Lead Poisoning: Information for Advocacy and Action This booklet is part of UNICEF's ongoing efforts to raise awareness of the linkages between environmental factors and the well-being of children. Childhood Lead Poisoning is published in partnership with UNEP, the United Nations Environment Programme. [PDF] Facts for Life Lifesaving knowledge about children! yens health for parents, caregivers, health workers, government officials, journalists and teachers. Facts for Life represents the best current understanding of science, policy and practice. Including chapters on hygiene and diarrhoea. [PDF or print version] Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 The year 2000 report from the Joint Monitoring Programme. [PDF] Motivating Better Hygiene Behaviour: Importance for Public Health, Mechanisms for Change An examination of why conventional hygiene educational programmes fail, and a presentation of alternative approaches (an older document reissued due to popular demand).

Motivating Better Hygiene Behaviour is produced in partnership with IRC, International Water and Sanitation Centre. [PDF] Learning from Experience: Water and Environmental Sanitation in India Lessons learned from India - UNICEF's longest running programme of support for water, sanitation and hygiene. Report from an evaluation covering 30 years of programming experience. [PDF or print version] Sanitation for All: Promoting dignity and human rights The UNICEF sanitation brochure is a tool for generating new sanitation and hygiene policy and programme actions at country, regional and international levels. [PDF] UNICEF Strategies in Water and Environmental Sanitation (the 'Strategy Paper') UNICEF Executive Board approved strategies for water and sanitation programming. [PDF] Water and Sanitation Technical Guidelines Series Communication for Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Manual This manual, with a focus on sound principles in programme communication, provides guidance on how to incorporate communication and behaviour change approaches in water and environmental sanitation programmes. [PDF] Hygiene Promotion Manual This manual presents a methodology for bottom-up programming for hygiene promotion: first finding out what people know about hygiene through formative research in people's knowledge and practices, and then combining this with state-of-the-art expert knowledge and appropriate communication strategies to develop effective and sustainable programming models. This manual was produced in partnership with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health of Burkina Faso. [PDF] Sanitation Handbook The manual! X first in the Technical Guidelines series!

X provides tools to support national and local initiatives for improved sanitation programming. The Sanitation Handbook was produced in partnership with EHP, the Environmental Health Project. [PDF] School Sanitation and Hygiene Manual A comprehensive discussion and guidance document on both hardware and software aspects needed to bring about changes in schools, in the hygiene behaviour of students and, through these students, in the community at large. The Manual On School Sanitation and Hygiene is produced in partnership with IRC, the International Water and Sanitation Centre. [PDF] Water Handbook A comprehensive review and guide on procedures, methodologies and technologies for water programmes. [PDF] Waterfront: a periodic newsletter on water, sanitation, hygiene and the environment. Issue 16 - Fall 2003 Safe water and sanitation as a basic human right, household water treatment, rainwater harvesting... and reports from Kyoto, Madagascar, Uzbekistan, Guinea and other countries around the world. [PDF] Issue 15 - June 2002 School sanitation and health in Nigeria and India, targets for sustainable development, refuse management in Columbia, emergency programming, sanitation in Guinea and Thailand, and more... [PDF] Issue 14 - April 2000 The urban sanitation issue: issues and actions from the world! |s poor urban areas. [PDF] Issue 13 - December 1999 The global agenda for children, emergencies, groundwater quality, sanitation, and more! K [PDF] Issue 12 - December 1998 The environmental sanitation issue: 19 case studies from cities around the world. [PDF] Issue 11 - August 1998 Reports on drought, women and water and hygiene education from Zimbabwe, Haiti, Columbia, India, and more!

K [PDF] Issue 10 - October 1997 Joint programmes of action with partner agencies, wells in Madagascar, hygiene promotion in Cape Verde, and more! K [PDF] Earlier Issues Available upon request from UNICEF.

Research essay sample on Water Environment And Sanitation