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Example research essay topic: Crimes Against Humanity Sierra Leone - 1,419 words

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... e. With President Kabbah back at the head of government, many people faced criminal charges of collaborating with the coup. A former government minister and nine others were sentenced to death for collaborating with the bloody 1997 coup. The sentences pronounced in the High Court by Judge Bankole Rashid brought to 27 the number of civilians condemned to death by hanging in connection with the May 1997 coup and its aftermath. (9, p. 1) Veteran politician Nancy Steele, 75, and two other women were among the 11 sentenced on Wednesday. Twenty-four soldiers were executed in public by firing squad after conviction by a court martial.

Even with President Kabbah back in power, the violence and bloodshed continued in Sierra Leone. In late December of 1998, more than 1, 000 troops of the Nigerian-led West African peacekeeping force known as ECOMOG arrived in Freetown. Freetown was beginning to face a renewed threat from rebel forces. ECOMOG reinstated President Kabbah in March, but the intervention force had been embroiled in fighting with junta soldiers and their allies of the rebel Revolutionary United Front. (9, p. 2) On December 22, artillery and small-arms fire were heard across the capital after a day of rebel attacks in the small neighboring town of Waterloo. Waterloo, 18 miles east of Freetown, was the closest the rebels had come to the capital, since President Kabbah was reinstated. ECOMOG troops raised security in the capital and set up checkpoints on the roads leading to the city of Freetown.

Rebel forces continue to fight ECOMOG troops in the capital city and advance throughout the city streets. Sam Bockarie, a rebel general, makes a statement to the press claiming that the rebels will once again seize control of Sierra Leone on New Year's Day. In response to the threat, the Nigerian-led defense force flew reinforcements into Freetown on December 28, 1998. About 1, 000 Nigerian troops were flown in to join the defense team. Defense coalition forces of about 14, 000 soldiers were in the Freetown area. On January 1, 1999, the West African peacekeepers backed by Nigerian warplanes drove rebels from Port Loko, which is about 35 miles northeast of Freetown.

The rebels persisted with the fighting. Eventually on January 6, 1999, thousandths of people fled to the center of Freetown after a two-hour barrage on the outskirts of the city. The rebels attacked from their mountain hideouts and captured the main government office building and burned down the city's police station. With the rebels pushing their assault to the center of Freetown, United Nations officials fled Sierra Leone's capital. On January 7, President Kabbah stated that he and rebel leader Foday Sankoh had agreed to an immediate cease-fire in the capital, Freetown. The peacekeepers did not fully trust the rebels, and on January 7, President Kabbah and his family were flown out of Freetown.

The President and his family were moved to an ECOMOG military base near Freetown. The fighting continued throughout Sierra Leone dispute the cease-fire agreement promised by the rebel forces. On January 14, the rebels again agreed to a conditional cease-fire in battles with a Nigerian-led peacekeeping force. Two hard weeks of fighting has left the capital of Freetown in complete ruins and caused a horrible humanitarian situation. Sam Bockarie is the deputy to imprisoned Revolutionary United Front rebel leader Foday Sankoh.

Sam Bockarie warned that the fighting would continue if Sankoh was not released from prison or if Nigerian warplanes continue to attack rebel-held towns in the northern region of Sierra Leone. Sankoh was captured in late 1997 and was sentenced to death in October 1998. Dispute the plea, President Kabbah ruled out the possibility of Sankoh's release. The rebels then continued the fight, which now is creating a famine due to the incredible lack of food for the people of Freetown.

ECOMOG forces boosted their resistance, and finally drove the rebel forces into the surrounding hills. The rebels remained fighting in the hills creating pockets of resistance against the ECOMOG. A summit meeting was held on January 28 with several key West African leaders to discuss the problem in Sierra Leone. The leaders decided to reverse their attempts of a military solution and try to negotiate through talks with the rebel leaders. Officials in the war-torn Sierra Leone said that at least 5, 000 people were killed during the previous recent weeks of fighting. Sierra Leone's embattled President Kabbah appealed to his rebel foes on April 6 to join talks on ending the West African country's long drawn conflict. (10, p. 1) Kabbah told delegates at a three-day national consultative conference in Freetown that their message to the rebels must be that they halt their eight-year armed campaign. (10, p. 1) Although Kabbah had repeatedly voiced his readiness for talks, he has also maintained in public statements that dialogue must go hand in hand with military pressure on the rebels. (10, p. 2) The rebels on April 13 laid siege to Kabala, the only major northern town that had not been hit by an offensive attack since the war began.

The ECOMOG force repelled several waves of attacks from the rebel forces. Kabala is the cattle capital of Sierra Leone and the rebels cut off all food supply routes to and from the city. Kabala supplied about two thirds of the meat consumed in Freetown, and with the supply routes cut, the shortage of food in Freetown only will increase. Following the three-day conference, peace activists demanded the government to pardon the jailed guerilla leader, Sankoh. The activists want the rebels to form their own political party. The peace activists are trying to establish a South African-style commission to investigate atrocities, compensate victims and possibly grant amnesty to perpetrators.

On April 17, Sierra Leone's jailed rebel leader Foday Sankoh had been transferred from prison to United Nations custody ahead of his trip to Togo later for consultations with his followers. (11, p. 1) Sankoh was jailed while appealing against a death sentence for treason and crimes against humanity. Sankoh's talks with his guerrilla commanders in the northern Togolese town of Kara are seen as the most crucial step in efforts to end a prolonged conflict in Sierra Leone. (11, p. 1) As of April 20, some of the latest developments in Sierra Leone include the peace talks with rebel leader Foday Sankoh. The future of Sierra Leone is still up in the air. It seems the history of Sierra Leone takes a 180 -degree turn every other week. This makes it hard to predict the events of Sierra Leone's future. Hopefully, the peace talks will move forward and gain considerable progress.

The Revolutionary United Front rebels are known for extreme cruelty to the civilian population, including rape, murder, forcing children to become fighters and chopping off arms and legs of villagers. The people responsible for these atrocities must be brought to justice. ECOMOG personnel have also been accused of crimes against humanity. Both sides must be investigated and punished equally. Sierra Leone has a great possibility of a prosperous future. They have a great location and natural resources.

The future of Sierra Leone could be a great one. With the support of the international community, Sierra Leone will hopefully someday join the global market and prove to the world that man is capable of conquering great impediments and obstacles. Bibliography: REFERENCE: 1. Nilsson, Ingrid, "Terror in Sierra Leone", USA Today, Thursday, February 11, 1999, p. 13 A. 2.

Sierra Leone Homepage, Sierra Leone, web p. 1 - 8. 3. World News Story Page, Sierra Leone Rebel Declares Himself Head of State, web p. 1 - 4. 4. World News Story Page, Armed Men Stage Coup Attempt in Sierra Leone, web p. 1 - 4. 5. World News Story Page, Mutinous Soldiers Scrap Sierra Leone Constitution, web p. 1 - 3. 6. World News Story Page, Sierra Leone Closes Its Borders as Mutineers Seize Control, web p. 1 - 5. 7. World News Story Page, Troops Reported Readying for a Strike into Sierra Leone, p. 1 - 5. 8.

World News Story Page, Sierra Leone Parliament Defies Ban, Denounces Coup, web p. 1 - 4. 9. World News Story Page, Eleven Civilians Condemned to Die for 1997 Coup in Sierra Leone, web p. 1 - 4. 10. World News Story Page, S. Leone Leader Urges Rebels to Turn to Dialogue, web p. 1 - 3. World News Story Page, Sierra Leone Rebel Leaders in U.

N. Custody, web p. 1 - 3.


Free research essays on topics related to: peace talks, cease fire, crimes against humanity, sierra leone, rebel forces

Research essay sample on Crimes Against Humanity Sierra Leone

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