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Example research essay topic: Type Ii Diabetes Type I Diabetes - 1,436 words

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... y uses antibodies to attack foreign invaders. They believe that the antibodies destroy the beta cells, resulting in Type I diabetes. Type II Diabetes Accounting for 90 percent of the diabetic population are people who have Type II diabetes. The problem in this type of diabetes is that the beta cells do not produce enough insulin to meet the needs of the body.

In addition to this problem, the cells in the body do not react appropriately to the available insulin in the body because they cannot admit glucose through the cell membranes. Scientists have yet to determine exactly what causes Type II diabetes, but they do know that it is caused by multiple factors. The factors can vary from person to person. Some of the factors are being overweight, defective beta cells, not enough beta cells, and heredity.

Gestational Diabetes When a woman becomes pregnant, provided that she did not have diabetes already, her body cannot metabolize sugar like it normally can when she is not pregnant. This condition normally appears during the third trimester of the pregnancy. Women who have this problem have to adjust their diet and, sometimes, inject insulin daily. Normally, the woman's blood sugar should return to normal once she delivers the baby. Unfortunately, she is at a higher risk of getting diabetes later on in life as a result of having it during her pregnancy. Susceptible Populations Approximately 18. 2 million Americans have diabetes, which is approximately three percent of the population in the United States.

Of this 18. 2 million, 13 million have officially been diagnosed. The remaining 5. 2 million are undiagnosed. Each year, 1. 3 million more cases of diabetes are diagnosed from the population that is greater than twenty years of age. Type II diabetes makes up the 90 % or more of all diabetes cases diagnosed. (Medline Plus, 2003) As you age, the probability that you will get diabetes increases.

In the population that is above 60 years of age, approximately 18. 3 percent have diabetes. Whether you are a male or a female does not really matter, as roughly 8. 7 percent of men and 8. 7 percent of females who are greater than or equal to age 20 have diabetes. "Diabetes occurs more frequently in some populations, including African Americans, Hispanic/: amino Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives. " (Life Scan, 2004) Controlling Diabetes Diet The diet plays a tremendous role in the management of diabetes because it is important to keep your blood sugar within a normal range. A person with this disease must understand exactly what they are eating relative to how the foods are broken down in order to fully understand the implications of the diet on his or her body. The pancreas in someone's body that does not have diabetes automatically adjusts according to the various foods that they eat. The person with diabetes who is taking a fixed dosage of insulin has to manually adjust their diet so that their blood sugar will be within a normal range. This is no easy feat and requires a good understanding of food content.

Carbohydrates. More than any other food, carbohydrates affect blood sugar levels. Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. Starches and sugars are carbohydrates and they are both broken down into glucose at approximately the same speed. Starches are found in breads, cereals, pasta, lentils, peas, potatoes, peas, and beans. Sugars are found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk.

Foods that have added sugars are syrups, candies, jams, and desserts. More important than the sugar either being added to a food, or just contained in the food naturally, is the number of carbohydrate grams you are consuming. Foods, such as candy and jams, that have no nutritional value must be a part of your diet -- not added to your diet, as too many sugars can cause your diabetes to spin out of control. (Beaver, 1995) Carbohydrates raise the blood sugar much more rapidly than fats and proteins. Protein. The second major nutrient needed by the body is protein. The body uses protein to build body tissue as well as repair body tissue.

Proteins consist of foods such as meats, eggs, cheese, peanut butter, and tofu. The best sources of protein are those that are low in fat, such as lean meat and skinless poultry. Proteins contain enzymes. Some enzymes are responsible for breaking down starches into sugars. Proteins also slow the release of sugars into the bloodstream.

Fat. The third major nutrient needed by the body is fat. A lot of material that we read about nutrition can be negative relative to fats, but fats are important to the human body. They are important because they carry fatty acids and vitamins in the body. Fats can be oily or greasy.

It can be either in a solid or a liquid form. It can be found in such things as cheese, margarine, butter, meat, milk, and vegetable oils. All fats are high in calories, which can be a concern if you want to lose weight. Fats, like proteins, slow the release of sugars into the bloodstream. What is important about all three of these nutrients is that each nutrient ultimately plays a role with the interaction of sugars in the body, which affects the level of sugar in your blood.

It is important to understand each type of food that you consume in order to keep your blood sugar level within a reasonable range. Being a diabetic does not mean that you have to give up all of the foods that you enjoy, it means that you have to pay particularly close attention to the meals that you eat. Medication People with Type I diabetes, and some people with Type II diabetes and gestational diabetes need to take insulin injections. The insulin must be injected into the body because, if taken orally, the stomach acids will make the insulin ineffective to the body.

It is important to time the injection of the insulin relative to eating and exercise. There are multiple kinds of insulin. Each one has a different time that it is active -- some are fast, intermediate, and then some are slow to act. In addition to insulin injections, some diabetics take pills that encourage the production of natural insulin in their bodies. The goal is to ensure that insulin is present in the blood when glucose peaks in the bloodstream. Exercise Regular exercise is of particular importance for diabetics.

It ultimately helps you to keep your blood sugars within a normal range. By exercising, the cells in the body help to make insulin more effective because it makes the body's cells more sensitive to insulin. Consequently, individuals who have to inject insulin daily will have to inject less insulin if their bodies are using it more efficiently. Weight can be an issue to diabetics because it can make your body become resistant to insulin.

Exercise helps to keep your weight down because calories are burned when you exercise. If you consume fewer calories than you are burning, you will lose weight. No Cure Although scientists are coming closer to finding a cure for diabetes, currently there is no cure. There are, however, many things that a diabetic can do to keep the disease under control as much as possible. Eating the right foods to ensure that the proper amount of glucose is in the bloodstream is very important. In combination with this, exercising to make the body more susceptible to the insulin is beneficial.

Lastly, and equally as important, is to ensure that you are receiving the proper medications, whether you are taking pills or are injecting insulin. Conclusion Diabetes is certainly a diagnosis that nobody ever wants to receive. There is no cure, but it can be managed through diet, medication and exercise. Having blood sugar that is out of control can result in irreparable damage to the body, particularly with the kidneys. Educating yourself on how to best manage the disease is important to avoiding or prolonging adverse effects on the body. References Diabetes Care, 2004.

Who Has Diabetes? Retrieved from web on August 19, 2004. Sue K. Milchovich & amp; Barbara Dunn-Long. (1999) Diabetes Mellitus - A Practical Handbook. Palo Alto: Bull Publishing Company.

Carolyn Leontos. (2000) What to Eat When You Get Diabetes. New York: John Wiley & amp; Sons, Inc. Richard S. Beaver. (1995) The Joslin Guide to Diabetes - Program for Managing Your Treatment. New York: Simon & amp; Schuster. Elaine Magee. (1999) Tell me What to Eat if I have Diabetes.

Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press.


Free research essays on topics related to: type i diabetes, insulin injections, type ii diabetes, years of age, people with type

Research essay sample on Type Ii Diabetes Type I Diabetes

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