Example research essay topic: Chiang Kai Shek Chinese Communist Party - 1,254 words

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Word Count: 4067 Abstract The Chinese Civil War, which took place from the end of World War II up to October 1, 1949, directly led to the creation of the Peoples Republic of China, the worlds most populous communist nation. The purpose of this essay is to explain why the Chinese Communist Party was able to achieve victory over the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War. In this paper, the role of international powers, namely the Soviet Union and the United States, Kuomintang policy, and Chinese Communist Party policy and will be explored. The essay begins by giving a brief background of the conditions of the Chinese Civil War. Historical ranges of view are then discussed. The role of the Soviet Union in the earlier years of the Chinese Communist Party is discussed and how the Soviet policy towards China began to change.

It also explores the American attitude towards the Soviet Union and China and how it is related to the beginnings of the Cold War. Marshalls mission to China in 1946 and 1947 is discussed. A section on the military and economic policies of the Kuomintang during the war follows. Finally, the military, economic, and political policies of the Chinese Communist Party are discussed.

A brief section on the course of the war follows. The essay concludes that in spite of alienation by the Soviet Union and opposition from the U. S. due to growing fears of Soviet expansion, the Chinese Communist Party was able to achieve victory over the Kuomintang partly because of the Kuomintang's apparent weaknesses, but primarily because of the superior military strategy employed by the Communists and the economic and political reforms carried out by the party. Table of Contents Chapter I. Introduction Chapter II.

The Soviet Attitude Towards the Chinese Civil War 1. History of Soviets with Chinese Communist Party 2. Soviet Policy in Manchuria after W. W. II Chapter III. The American Attitude Towards the Chinese Civil War 1.

Marshalls mission to China 2. American aid to the Kuomintang during the war Chapter IV. The Kuomintang and the Civil War 1. Occupation of former Japanese territories 2.

Peace talks of 1945 and 1946 3. Economic Problems 4. Military Policy Chapter V. The Chinese Communist Party and the Civil War 1.

Military Policy 2. Rural Land Reforms 3. Urban Reforms Chapter VI. Brief Summary of the Course of the War Chapter VII.

Conclusion Bibliography I. Introduction The Chinese Civil War, which may be chronologically defined as the period of conflict between the Communists and the Nationalists that occurred between the end of World War II and 1949, can be seen as the last phase of the Communist revolution in China. Four years after the end of the Japanese occupation, the Communist victory in 1949 resulted in the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China, the worlds most populous communist nation. It remains to be explored why the Chinese Communist Party was ultimately able to achieve victory over the Nationalists, who had officially taken power in 1911 after the abdication of Emperor Pu Yi.

The greatest threat to Nationalist, or Kuomintang, power came into existence with the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921. The years of struggle against each other that ensued ended with the Chinese Civil War. There have been several different explanations for the communist victory and nationalist defeat in the Chinese Civil War. At the time, the Republican party of the United States felt that it was the direct result of U.

S. actions that led to the Nationalist defeat. 1 In another view, others, such as the Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai Shek, placed a great deal of emphasis on the aid of the Soviets in the Chinese Communist victory. Conversely, some have placed a great deal of significance on the apparent weaknesses of the Kuomintang. However, to attribute the Communist victory of the Chinese Civil War to merely one factor would be unduly simplistic. Several factors, which concern both the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang, influenced the outcome of the Chinese Civil War. Still, one must not overlook international factors and the role of the United Sates and the Soviet Union.

Despite Soviet alienation of the Chinese Communist Party and foreign opposition from United States, the Chinese Communist Party achieved victory over the Nationalists through superior military strategy and the implementation of socio-political programmes. It will be discussed how each of these factors affected the outcome of the Chinese Civil War and ultimately led to the victory of the Chinese Communist Party and the creation of the Peoples Republic of China on October 1, 1949. II. The Soviet Attitude Towards the Chinese Civil War 1. History of Soviets with Chinese Communist Party Although the role the Soviet Union played in the Chinese Civil War is relatively small, it must be discussed since it largely influenced the American view of the situation in China. From the birth of the Chinese Communist Party, the Soviets had played a great role in the partys development.

In order to combat the Japanese, the Chinese Communist Party was directed by the Soviets to seek a united front with the Kuomintang in 1923. It was the Soviet goal that the Communist Party would eventually absorb the Kuomintang into the Communist Party through their alliance. However, the alliance was quickly broken when Chiang Kai-Shek lead a coup against the Communists in Shanghai during the Northern Expedition in 1927. Since a stable government could not exist until the elimination of the Japanese, another alliance was formed in 1937 to finally defeat the Japanese, but after, the Communists and the Kuomintang again split.

However, the Soviet guidance often conflicted with the policies of the Chinese Communist Party. For example, in the beginning, the Chinese Communist Party was directed to seek revolution in the manner that the Soviets had, through a mass urban revolution. However, this strategy proved to be ineffective since only a very small amount of the Chinese population, less than one percent in 1921, was concentrated in the urban areas. Moreover, the large cities were the strongholds for the Nationalists and were to great extent controlled by the Japanese and Western powers. Many Chinese Communist Party members, including Mao Tse Tung, were reluctant to follow the Soviet directives. The Communists were badly defeated in urban warfare.

Only a few Communist Party members were able to escape from the cities and go into hiding. After the failure of the urban uprisings, the Chinese Communists made a decisive shift from the cities to the countryside. This lead to the establishment of a rural communist base in Yanan. The Communist campaign for rural support eventually led to the Long March in October 1934.

In this year long trek across rural China, peasant support for the Communists was firmly established. The Chinese Communists abandoned the Soviet idea of the urban workers revolution. 2. Soviet Policy in Manchuria after W. W. II The Soviet attitude toward the Chinese Communist Party altered after the defeat of the Japanese.

At the end of World War II, the seeds of the Cold War were beginning the develop. In July of 1945, the U. S. War Department made the conclusion that, There is reason to believe that Soviet Russia plans to create Russian-dominated areas in Manchuria, Korea, and probably North China. 2 There is a degree of truth in the U. S. War Departments conclusion.

It may be interpreted that the Soviet Union was more a competitor in Manchuria than an ally to the Chinese Communist P...

Research essay sample on Chiang Kai Shek Chinese Communist Party