NOTE: Free essay sample provided on this page should be used for references or sample purposes only. The sample essay is available to anyone, so any direct quoting without mentioning the source will be considered plagiarism by schools, colleges and universities that use plagiarism detection software. To get a completely brand-new, plagiarism-free essay, please use our essay writing service.
One click instant price quote
ID: Heraclius was born in Cappadocia, in Anatotlia, somewhere around 575. In 610, his father, the governor of Carthage (Africa), sent him to Constantinople to overthrow the tyrant Photos. This venture was successful and Heraclius was proclaimed emperor on October 5, 610 Sig: Heraclius had to begin his reign by recovering much of his empire from the Persians. He also had to reorganize the government and the army. Heraclius brought efficiency into the government and restored financial stability to the empire.
In 621, Heraclius began a seven-year series of campaigns against the Persians. This began because Heraclius wanted to recover lost territory in Asia Minor. A peace treaty which limited Persia to its old frontiers was also signed during this time ID: Military units and provinces give to soldiers in exchange for military service. ID: Generals who were put in charge of the civil administration of the themes.
SIG: They became the elite and expanded the army. ID: Emperor from 717 - 741. He launched an attach against the Eastern church's use of icons. SIG: He was only after successfully repulsing the Muslim armies in their second major attack on Constantinople (717 - 718) that Leo openly declared his opposition to icons for the first time. An angry mob murdered the official who was sent to replace the con of Christ with a cross over the Bronze Gate. Whole sections of the empire rebelled vigorously.
Leo eventually secured the retirement of the Partiarch of Constantinople and the consecration of a new one who favored his own views. ID: opposition to the religious use of images. Religious pictures and statues were an early feature of Christian worship SIG: Iconoclasm flourished in Asia Minor in the 8 th and 9 th cent. and was favored by several Byzantine emperors.
The controversy led Byzantine artists toward spiritual expression rather than naturalism ID: intimate cooperation between the Church and the State which made the Byzantine Empire essentially a theocracy. SIG: The emperor was "the Lord's Announced, " and was theoretically obligated to observe Church dogmas and canons. He was considered "holy" and "lord of the Christian universe. " Patriarchs who headed the Greek Orthodox Church of the Byzantine Empire claimed that spiritual power was above that of the temporal world, but they lost their power-struggle with the emperors who considered themselves the successors of the Roman Emperors. The Church was enveloped by the state, a tradition that was passed on to Russia.
ID: The debate about the holy trinity mainly whether God is equal to the other two. SIG: It was the main difference between the Roman Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox. This led to the churches splitting and much debate on which to follow. ID: Byzantine brothers from Thessaloniki, the Apostles to the Slavs. SIG: major symbols of Byzantine and Christian cultural influence into the Slavic hinterland of the Balkans and beyond. They and their disciples bridged two different worlds and contributed to the making of an extensive Christian border culture between the Medieval Greek and the ancient Slavic traditions.
ID: Muslim Arabs that attacked Constantinople. SIG: Led to the fall of the Byzantium and Ottoman Empire. ID: Muhammad was born in Makkah in the year 570 CE, during the period of history Europeans call the Middle Ages. The main prophet of Islam. But, he is not god, he is just a prophet, yeah you heard me, a prophet. SIG: He led the two most important events in Muslim, the flight from Medina and the retaking of Mecca.
ID: Two Arab cities located Saudi Arabia. Two holy cities the Muslims. SIG: Muhammad was exiled from Mecca to Medina but then later led a revolt back to Mecca, which he took. It then became the holiest city for Muslims. ID: Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Yathrib. SIG: Happened in 622.
Turning point because he became political leader and govern of an important town and military. ID: Allah is the Arabian Supreme Being, "El" or the Hebrew "Eli." He is the Creator God of ancient Arabia who was seen as the father and king of the other gods. When Muhammad speaks of Allah, there is no god but He. Allah is the All-high, the All-glorious Creator and Guardian over everything. Allah rewards and punishes, He is omniscient, universal and all powerful. In essence, it is the submission to the will of Allah that makes Islam what it is.
There is no intermediary with man and Allah, one approaches Allah directly in prayer and in the reciting of the Quran. Islam is a religion of adoration and worship and Allah is central to everything. SIG: Every true Muslim desires to serve Allah with all his heart. He calls out to Him in his prayers.
Allah is honored and the Muslim submits his entire will to Allah, will fight for Allah and give his life for Allah. Just as Allah heard the prayers of Abraham, Ishmael and the affliction of Hagar, He hears the prayers of each and every sincere Muslim. It is wrong for the arrogant, ignorant and apostate Christian to judge the Moslem in his devotion to Allah. On the contrary, the Moslem serves as a constant reminder to those with ears to hear to how far the Christians have fallen in their ignorance of the love taught by Jesus and to what extent they have displaced their devotion into the oppressive and hateful anti-christ nature of the beast. ID: The bible of Islam.
Written by Muhammad. SIG: The guidelines and rules of Islam. It is equal to the bible. From Allah via Muhammad.
ID: office and realm of the caliph as supreme leader of the Muslim community and successor of the Prophet Muhammad. Under Muhammad the Muslim state was a theocracy, with the Sharia, the religious and moral principles of Islam, as the law of the land. The caliphs, Muhammad's successors, were both secular and religious leaders. They were not empowered, however, to promulgate dogma, because it was considered that the revelation of the faith had been completed by Muhammad. SIG: Based on the examples of the first four rightly guided caliphs and companions of the Prophet, the Sunnites formulated the following requirements of the caliphate: the caliph should be an Arab of the Prophet Muhammad's tribe, the Quraysh; he should be elected to his office and approved by a council of elders representing the Muslim community; and he should be responsible for enforcing divine law and spreading Islam by whatever means necessary, including war. In the history of the caliphate, however, all these requirements were rarely met.
ID: Umayyad Caliph and brother in law to the prophet Muhammad, secured supreme power over the Arab empire with Damascus as his capital in 661 AD. SIG: He showed his beaten opponents clemency, and ruled with a wise mixture of tact and strength, pliant when it was possible and strong when it was necessary. It was charismatically Umayyad that he should have passed a third of his nights listening to the history of the Arabs. Bibliography:
Free research essays on topics related to: byzantine empire, prophet muhammad, asia minor, muslim community, allah
Research essay sample on Prophet Muhammad Byzantine Empire
