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I discovered that mitochondria evolved from the chloroplast (Audersirk p. 369). The endosymbotic hypothesis championed most force full by Lynn Margulis of the University of Massachusetts, propose that cells acquired the precursors of mitochondria and chloroplast by engulfing certain types of bacteria. This happens by the aerobe bacteria that absorbs those molecules and used energy oxygen to complete their metabolism. By gaining a high range of energy, using large food resources, great amount of energy leak out a ATP and right back into the host of cytoplasm that is how mitochondria came about. The role of the mitochondria in our are bodies is to process oxygen, convert fatty acids. Carbohydrates, and proteins from food that we eat turns into energy.
The bodys mobile energy source is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Within the mitochondria it has its own DNA. What mitochondria with DNA all this new to me. An a article in the newspaper the mentioning the role of mitochondria DNA causing genetic diseases. I could not believe my eyes, after reading the article I had in mind that the Mitochondria DNA was the same as the Nuclear DNA, not true at all. Mitochondria DNA verses Nuclear DNA.
Nuclear DNA has twenty TRNA (transferal RNA) proteins that are free radicals, which encodes of the submit of oxidative phosphorylation. Whereas, Mitochondria DNA has twenty-two tRNA with no proteins. Nuclear DNA has a linear shape DNA but Mitochondria DNA have a circular DNA. Since Nuclear DNA has both extras and introns the limitation of mutations are low. However, Mitochondria DNA only have introns, so Mitochondria DNA mutate to occur in the cell.
Mutations occur in mitochondria. When the vital supply of ATP is disrupted less and less energy is generated within the cell, the process is repeated continuous the body system begins to shut down. In further detail, in the mitochondria there are two through ten molecules that exist and each cell contains multiple mitochondria within that cell. There can be normal and mutant Mitochondria DNA. (New England Journal) There is a condition known as heteroplasty that allow otherwise lethal mutations to persist. Homplasmy is the presence of either completely normal or completely mutant Mitochondria DNA. An individual may be life-treated.
Mutations with the potential to cause a lethal impairment of oxidative phosphorylation are viable only if they are heteroplastic. (New England Journal) There are three classes of mutations divisions that are linked to tRNA, mRNA (protein coding), and rRNA. The Mitochondria Encephalomyopathy is linked to tRNA, which is most common. Symptoms of this type of mutations are lactic acidosis and stoke-like episodes. The second mutation linked to mRNA is Levels Hereditary Optic Neurophaty caused by hom plasmic missense mutations.
Symptoms of type of mutations are bilateral visual loss, central sco tomas, and abnormal color vision. Thirdly, rRNA (ribosomal RNA) mutation that causes spontaneous and antibiotic-associated sensori neural deafness. On April 28, 1997 an article in The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper titled An enemy within discussed two young girls (Jamie was 16 of age and Melissa age 5) how have diagnosed with the Mitochondria Disease. Jamie Swift was diagnosed with the Mitochondria Encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes with symptoms that produce fatigue, headaches, seizures, strokes, Diabetes, slow growth, blindness, and deafness. Janine mother also showed a few symptoms of migraine headaches, saw colored lights, felt nauseated therefore doctors have concluded that this is a maternal disease. Young precious Melissa had problems growing.
She had cubby cheeks, floppy limbs, and her inability to break down fats. Instead of her working for energy, molecules of fat begin to form in her muscles. After a few months of both young girls diagnose they passed way. In regard of doing this research paper I am well aware of mitochondria, the t rue purpose of mitochondria. Mitochondria disorders are genetically determined by its own DNA, maternal, the cells Nuclear DNA (autosomal and X-linked). I have also manifested the origin of mitochondria.
I am very thankful of this assignment.
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Research essay sample on England Journal Young Girls
