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Example research essay topic: Franco Prussian War South German States - 1,741 words

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... sian's were firing at them from the ground, the sailors would shout, Death to the invaders! or Vive la France! When the sharpshooters were unable to bring down these balloons, the Prussians tried unsuccessfully to develop weapons to bring them down. They developed a special anti-balloon field gun. The French Minister of the Interior, Leon Gambetta and his chief assistant, Charles Louis de Sales de Freycinet, left by balloon to go to Tours to take charge of the provisional government.

The crowd shouted Long live the Republic! The minister was able to safely land several hours later where he organized and helped equip the 36 military divisions. However, these troops were unsuccessful and they were driven into Switzerland. They were eventually disarmed and imprisoned... Others, such as Faidherbe, Change and Bourbaki tried to resist the enemy forces. The surrender on October 27 of Bazaine with his 180, 000 men made the resistance seem worthless.

Paris did not surrender until many months later. Although Bismarck and Adolphe Thiers signed an armistice on February 26, 1871, Paris continued its siege. In March 1871, the Paris Commune, which was a radical government, was able to control Paris. Paris faced war against its own National Assembly.

Paris suffered more from the Commune than from the war. Hundreds were shot. The Parisian workers fought against this National Assembly and put up barricades in streets, and fought them on each block. During this revolt, much of Paris burned and thousands died. Hundreds were sent as convicts to New Caledonia, in the South Pacific, and others were sentenced to years of hard labor in prisons. The war left hatred in the country and toward the new republic.

In May 1871, the National Assembly was able to win the war against its own people, the National Commune. Shortly after they won the war, at least 20, 000 Parisians were executed. In October 1870, Bismarck negotiated with the south German states over how to form the new German Federation. By November 25, the four south German states agreed that the king of Prussia would be its emperor. The treaties were ratified and a new state was formally constituted on January 1, 1871. On January 18, 1871, the Grand Duke Frederick I of Baden proclaimed William I the German emperor in Versailles.

On that date, King William I of Prussia became the emperor, or Kaiser, of the new German empire, which became known as the Second Reich. Bismarck became its first prime minister. The new German empire was a leader in manufactured goods. It was the third largest producer of manufactured goods. The Third Republic took over the siege and crushed the Commune in Paris.

The troops remained in the area until 1873. The royal palace in Berlin was where the first meeting was held. Bismarck was surrounded by princes and generals and was dressed in his uniform. The parliamentarians appeared drab by comparison. The Kaiser sat on the throne of Henry III, and gave orders to the Reichstag by reading from a text prepared by Bismarck.

As a part of this agreement, the south German states were consolidated into the North German Federation. Even though they got some seats in the upper house, the Bundesrat, Prussia still had plenty of seats to block any constitutional changes. Altogether there were twenty-five states in the North German Federation, four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies, seven principalities and three free cities. There were some rights, however, that the states were able to keep. Several kingdoms had their own armies, which would become a German army only in time of war. Each kingdom could levy their own taxes, and several had their own postal systems.

The emperor was the hereditary chairman of the Bundesrat, but he also had many powers. His main powers were that he could dismiss the Bundesrat and the lower house (Reichstag) and he had the power to appoint the chancellor and the secretaries of state. The first Reichstag did not receive much popular vote. Only 51 percent of the electorate votes. Bismarck's supporters won only thirty-seven seats. The National Liberals won 125 out of 382 seats, and were the big winners.

They formed a majority along with the Old Liberals and the Progressives. The Catholic Center party won sixty-three seats. Most Germans were optimist about the new empire. The recent victories of von Movies army were inspiring, the economy was doing well, and the soldiers had all of their recent victories to be proud of. Most Germans thought that the new empire would be successful. There were those, however, who were somewhat doubtful of the future.

One of the problems with the emerging German empire was that it was authoritarian. That empire went unchecked as the parliament had limited power. The monarchy's power went unchecked. The nobility had their position and the army became even stronger.

The nationalistic forces became stronger. Although Germany was strong politically, economically, and militarily, there were problems with it due to its autocratic state. The Franco Prussian war meant that Germany was now unified. The southern and northern German people became nationalistic and forgot any previous doubts they had about becoming one country. After the war, Thiers became the executive power. There French national assembly met at Bureau to make provisions for their election.

On March 1, the preliminary peace agreement was accepted, and it was ratified May 21, 1871. The treaty was called the Treaty of Frankfurt. France was to pay 5 billion gold francs ($ 1 billion) within three years and Germany occupied France until the amount was paid off. This $ 1 billion was paid off in September 1873 and the German soldiers left France. Alsace (except Belfort) and part of Lorraine, including Metz. were ceded to Germany.

revolutionaries surrendered. On January 18, 1871, Alsace and Lorraine were proclaimed an empire under William. Paris did not disarm immediately. They did not want to submit to the Thiers regime, and the Commune of Paris was formed. In retaliation, the French troops began a second siege of Paris.

After the Commune was put down, France was at peace again after the revolutionaries surrendered. As a part of the war reparations, France had to pay Prussia 5 billion francs. In addition, France was ordered Alsace and Lorraine to Prussia. These provinces had some of the largest coal and iron deposits in France. This loss began the struggle for future conflicts of World War I and World War II. The German industry grew even faster after its unification.

It had been third in the nations as a manufacturer of goods, but soon became second when it overtook Britain. Also, the change in the economic, social and demographic structure of Europe during this era of industrialization, brought about significant changes in the army, which continued The changes in the economic, social and demographic structure of Europe were dramatic. There were many changes in the French and German military organizations. The status of the military became more respected.

The reserves were part of a proud middle-class society, and the officers in the army were seen as courageous, and could be seen in the best social circles. In addition, middle-class officers and working-class soldiers also joined the ranks because of the increasing size of the armies in Europe. In addition, there also was a thought that there was a need for more nationalist propaganda so that the masses could be better motivated. The army was thought of as a force to educate the young people so that they would fight better for their nation.

Since the army was the main reason for this education, it reflected the realities of a new industrialized society and it also reflected the need to preserve the regime. The German army increasingly became known by its need to show its military force. It also was known by its need to suppress any other kind of social and political change. When Napoleons professional army was defeated, the French wanted to organize a new popular army. The French viewed their army as a force to protect it from foreigners and from its domestic enemies.

The French were hoping to make the army believe in its own national ideals. The French were basing their army on universal conscription. Both German and French alike realized that their armies existed to preserve their political, cultural and social governments. France was so severely beaten in the Franco-Prussian war that the result of the war was a series of crises. When Napoleon III was finally released by Prussia, he was exiled to Britain to spend the remainder of his life. The National Assembly met in France to form a new government.

In 1875, the National Assembly finally agreed on a new government. They decided on a republic, which was called The Third Republic. This form of government lasted for approximately 60 years. There were about a dozen political parties competing for power, and Frances government changed hands on average every ten months.

The French were all united on one thing, however, and that was their hatred of Germany. They wanted to try to regain Alsace and Lorraine, which they had lost during the Franco Prussian war. The Franco-Prussian War was the end of the French Empire. The Third French Republic and the German Empire were the two immediate effects of the Franco-Prussian War. The Prussian military operations had been so successful that they began the search for more German imperialistic operations. The French wanted revenge for their defeat.

In addition, Italy annexed the Papal States because they were no longer protected by Napoleon III. All of these effects led to the beginnings of World War I. Bibliography: Bismarck, Otto, Furst von: 1815 - 1898. Bismarck's letters to his wife from the seat of war, 1870 - 1871. London, Jarrold & sons, 1915.

McCabe, James Dabney, 1842 - 1883: History of the war between Germany and France. [Philadelphia] National publishing company (c. 1871) McDougal, Krieger, Larry S. ; Kenneth, Neill; Reynolds, Dr. Edward; World History: Perspectives on the Past. McDougal Littell: A Houghton Mifflin Co. , Boston: 1997. Olivier, Emile, 1825 - 1913. The Franco-Prussian War and its hidden causes.

London: Sir Isaac Pitman, 1913. Oricken, Hermann, 1869 - 1945. Napoleon III and the Rhine; the origin of the war of 1870 - 1871. New York, A. A. Knopf, 1928.

web Napoleon III. web War or Franco-German War. Franco-Prussian War, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Fifth Edition, 01 - 01 - 1993.


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