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Example research essay topic: Rock And Roll Order To Create - 1,856 words

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It is now 6: 30 A. M. Beatle time. The left London 30 minutes ago. Theyre out over the Atlantic Ocean heading for New York. The temperature is 32 Beatle Degrees (Szatmary 113).

The transistor radio reported every few minutes on the morning of Friday, February 7, 1964. It was a day that would mark a musical milestone sending shockwaves through the United States. The plane landed, the Beatles stepped out, and for the first time Americans caught a glimpse of these young men with their long hair and their mod cut suits. The Beatles had landed, Elvis had left the building, and for the first time, Americans were embracing a British band as the standard. Rather than crediting the Beatles and their promoters for their success, credit should be given to Americans alone. America created its own need for The Beatles, priming the country for a fun and fresh act in a time of mourning and melancholy.

They were the right act, at the right time, with a built in audience. According to author Nicholas Schaffner, the most widely accepted explanation for the success of The Beatles draws a parallel between the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in November of 1963 and the groups arrival in February of 1964. After the assassination of the President, the country found itself in a deep state of mourning and melancholy was rampant. In a country that seemed so invulnerable to harm, everything was lost in a single moment.

By January, the American people wanted so desperately to hear something happy, to find some sort of diversion from the morbid tragedy that had shook their lives. America needed a tonic, enter The Beatles (Schaffner 32). The examples of Beatlemania are well known, screaming girls clamoring for a touch, a smile, a wave. Just as in England the previous year, Beatlemania swept across the United States (Schaffner 31). The initial reasons for their success have been overlooked, often mistaken for legend and theories that hold no validity. This is surprising given the unexpected nature of any British success in American music.

Author Carol Bedford sites only a few isolated incidents such as Lonnie Donegan, Acker Bilk, Laurie London and Haley Mills, that were able to penetrate the American charts (Bedford). There had never been an English act that had developed a prolonged reputation or sense of career in America before 1964. The popularity of the Beatles is ironic because they didnt invent a new form of music, rather they fused distinctly American styles of music and brought it back to the States, a sort of re-wrapping of a Christmas package. The British Invasion, as it has been called, was a direct product of the influx of rock and roll from America to Britain. Without the sounds of Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and other musicians, The British invasion (specifically The Beatles) would have never been possible (Bedford). Author David Szatmary, a rock and roll historian, says that there was a heavy tendency in England to promote British singers whose styles were evidently, often embarrassingly, copied from American musicians (Cliff Richard from Elvis Presley, Adam Faith from Buddy Holy, Wee Willie Harris from Jerry Lee Lewis).

The Beatles were able to overthrow this stigma because they did not emulate another band; ironically it was widely thought that the four-man band was a thing of the past. According to Szatmary, the Beatles popularity in the U. S. was constructed around their ability to take several American music, styles such as jazz, blues and rock, and reassemble them in order to create music. The Beatles didnt invent a style, but simply drew attention to sounds and styles that were current in the United States (Szatmary 118)...

The Beatles presented a synthesis rather than a duplication of musical genres. American music became the vehicle for the Beatles artistic expression. America did not fall to the Beatles by accident. Their success was the result of a carefully orchestrated publicity campaign organized by Capitol Records. It was a massive campaign of hype, and on this rare occasion the hype was worth the effort (Szatmary 117).

The Beatles were set to appear on the popular Ed Sullivan Show, largely due to Eds own curiosity (Szatmary 117). To promote this appearance, Capitol Records launched the largest promotion it had known, printing up five million posters bearing the words The Beatles Are Coming! These posters were plastered anywhere they would fit, and people started to wonder who the Beatles were. Beatles albums were distributed to radio stations en masse. Among those records were recorded interviews that could be played to sound like live interviews between the disk jockey and the band.

The disk jockey could apparently interview the band. (Szatmary 121). Full-page ads were taken out in major music trade magazines and one million copies of a Beatles newspaper were distributed. Anyone even remotely involved with the campaign received Beatles Kits containing wigs, photographs and buttons proclaiming I like the Beatles! With this massive campaign underway, how could a teen avoid hearing about the Beatles? This hype was enough to get the teens excited, but still shrouded in a bit of secrecy, therefore it was a very effective marketing venue for the Beatles and Capitol Records. The Beatles had a built in audience in the form of the Baby Boomer generation.

This generation was just coming of age as the Beatles gained popularity. Out of this generation, the potential Beatle audience was described as the most powerful group of teens that America had ever seen. This generation had the money to purchase the merchandise, the desire for an artistic outlet and the need for idols. Author Ned Rorem says, while the existence of a specific Beatle Movement remains unproven, the existence of huge and enthusiastic Beatle audiences was demonstrably true (Rorem).

These audiences were largely (but not solely) drawn from a population of newly affluent teenagers. It can be suggested that the groups American impact rested in part on the demographic trends of the Baby Boomers. Authors Peter McCabe and Robert Schonfeld describe the affluence of the Baby Boomers: By virtue of sheer numbers and spending power, American teenagers now were more easily able to diffuse their causes, ideas and enthusiasms among other age groups. The timing of the Beatles arrival in New York could not have been better (62). This built-in audience became a huge Beatle army, directly contributing to the hysteria and success of the band.

By the time the Beatles left New York, a mere nine days later, the entire nation had become aware of Beatlemania. The intensity and magnitude of Beatlemania can be summed up in one quote; a young girl who was waiting all night outside the hotel where the Beatles were staying said, Im here because everybody else is here (Bedford). The nation was there to hear the Beatles, not because of the superiority of the Beatles music, but because America had created the hype for the Beatles. The subsequent success of the Beatles has yet to be paralleled in this country but one important residual effect can still be felt. The Beatles made it possible for other countries to have musical influence and to infiltrate American music. America created the need for the Beatles, and the band impacted American music and popular culture in very significant ways.

Sir Paul McCartney says it best We were just spokesmen for a generation (Szatmary 128). Maggie Stillman ENGL 1020 March 20, 2002 Annotated Bibliography Bedford, Carol. Waiting for the Beatles. Poole, Dorset: Blandford Press, 1984. This is an insightful look at the backstage lives of the Beatles, including personal accounts and interviews. Written by Carol Bedford, a former participant of Beatlemania, Waiting for The Beatles is written from the perspective of the girls and women that followed The Beatles.

Tales of their encounters, groupie behavior and band shenanigans are backed up by fact to show how the Beatles were deified by their fans. Gloag, Kenneth. All You Need is Theory? Sgt. Pepper.

Music and Letters. Nov. 1998. v 79, i 4, p 577. This article discusses the political and social issues behind The Beatles album Sgt. Pepper. In this article, journalist Kenneth Gloag compares the social issues at the time with the music of the band and evaluates the impact the album had.

Its concentration focuses upon the album as a social cry rather than examining the musical content alone. Love, Robert and Whitcomb, Ian, Confessions of a British Invader. American Heritage. Dec. 1997: 68. In this article derived from an interview, pop idol Ian Whitcomb discusses his experience as a musician in the shadow of The Beatles.

He speaks about how The Beatles impacted American music, and how pop idolatry shaped his personal life as well. McCabe, Peter, and Robert D. Schonfeld. Apple to the Core: The Unmaking of The Beatles. London: Martin Brian & O'Keefe, 1972. This book explains how and why The Beatles broke up from a business standpoint.

Authors McCabe and Schonfeld discuss the formation of the unsuccessful Apple Corp. by Beatles manager Brian Epstein and how the failure of the company eventually led to the bands break up. This book compares and contrasts the Apple Corp. s failure with the social myth regarding the influence of Yoko Ono as possible causes for the break up of the band. Popular Culture: Baseball to Rock and Roll Cur. James Hutson.

Feb. 2002. Library of Congress. 13 Feb 2002. web This website summarizes a a recent Library of Congress exhibition concerning British influences in America and vice versa. The exhibit is meant to show how the cultures are interweave and how they affected each other from the mid- 1800 s to the mid 1960 s. Rorem, Ned. "The Music of the Beatles. " The Age of Rock: Sounds of the American Cultural Revolution.

Ed. Jonathan Eisen. New York: Random House, 1969. 149 - 59. Journalist Ned Rorem collected a brief series of short personal interviews detailing the lives of pop idols in the 1960 s. Rock stars, groupies, and music executives re-tell their personal accounts in order to create an accurate picture of the social implications of popular music. Schaffner, Nicholas.

The Beatles Forever. Harrisburg, PA: McGraw-Hill, 1977. In this book, journalist Nicholas Schaffner creates a timeline of The Beatles career and personal lives. He incorporates the use of interviews, newspaper and magazine articles, photographs as well as a complete billboard chart history, which makes this book credible and accurate. Schaffner represents the band as a force in music, as well as revolutionary cause and he compares how they were effective in their societal roles in both areas.

Szatmary, David P. A Time to Rock, a Social History of Rock N Roll. 1996, Prentice Hall. In this anthology, historian David Szatmary writes about rock and roll, beginning with the grass roots (blues and jazz) and ending with grunge (the popular music at the time of publication). Devoting an entire chapter to the British Invasion the author specifically focuses on The Beatles. Szatmary reviews the importance of British music in America and how The Beatles were able to gain such notoriety.


Free research essays on topics related to: british invasion, rock and roll, order to create, library of congress, elvis presley

Research essay sample on Rock And Roll Order To Create

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