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The use of literary devices such as diction and symbolism are crucial elements in establishing characterization. The diction, writers choice of words, much be appropriate for the characters and the situations in which the author places them (Meyer 234). Therefore, William Faulkner's diction in A Rose for Emily will differ greatly from Ernest Hemingway's Soldiers Home. Hemingway uses the Krebs family home and Faulkner uses the element of time as symbols. The home and the element of time are symbolic because each has meanings that go beyond its specific qualities and functions (Meyer 194). Setting also plays a major role in characterization.
Setting is the context in which the action of a story occurs (Meyer 137). If one is sensitive to the contexts provided by setting, one is better able to understand the behavior of the characters and the significance of their actions (Meyer 137). In order to understand Miss Emily it would be useless to place her in the same setting as Krebs and vice versa. Different words evoke different associations in a readers mind, diction is crucial in controlling a readers response (Meyer 234). Faulkner's choice of words allows the readers to vividly picture Miss Emily's physical traits as well as her attitude.
By describing the Grierson house, Faulkner is cleverly inviting an observation of Miss Emily. It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street. But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps - an eyesore among eyesores. (Meyer 71) Miss Emily was a woman that kept to herself. She lived in a time when socializing with the other women and being married at a certain age was necessary. Miss Emily somehow managed to stray away from the norm. Faulkner shows Miss Emily's reclusion through the sparse use of dialogue between Miss Emily and other people.
Krebs like Miss Emily was going through a period of seclusion. They were experiencing these feelings for different reasons. Hemingway avoided the usage of elaborate and dramatic diction. The words are basic and allows the reader to get into Krebs mind. The reader is able to listen not only to what Krebs thinks but to how he thinks (Meyer 235).
He tried so to keep his life from being complicated. Still, none of it has touched him. He had felt sorry for his mother and she had made him lie. He would go to Kansas City and get a job and she would feel all right about it. There would be one more scene maybe before he got away. He would not go down to his fathers office.
He would miss that one. He wanted his life to go smoothly. It had just gotten going that way. Well, that was all over now, anyway. He would go over to the school yard and watch Helen play indoor baseball. (Meyer 144) The majority of the sentences begin with the word He.
Hemingway's choice of diction reflects Krebs firm determination to make, one step at a time, a clean, unobstructed break from his family and the entangling complications they would impose on him (Meyer 235). Through the effective use of diction it is easy to gain insight into Miss Emily and A symbol is a vehicle for two things at once: It functions as itself, and it implies meanings beyond itself (Meyer 635). Faulkner and Hemingway use literary symbols that have a significant impact on their characters overall attitudes. A literary symbol can include traditional, conventional, or public meanings, but it may also be established internally by the total context of the work in which it appears (Meyer 194). Hemingway strayed away from the conventional meaning of home. Krebs did not find comfort, happiness, peace, or safety in his family's home.
Krebs home becomes symbolic of provincial, erroneous presuppositions compounded by blind innocence, sentimentality, and smug middle-class respectability (Meyer 194). After returning home from war, Krebs was not in the position to share the same view of the world as his family and friends. He was used to being in an environment where it was only the strong survive. Their notions of love, the value of a respectable job, and a belief in God seem to him petty, complicated, and meaningless (Meyer 194). Krebs finds it impossible to fit in where he left off. His interactions show that home does not mean the same to him as it does to others in his town.
Miss Emily never tried to keep up with her changing community. Therefore, time plays a major role as a symbol in Faulkner's short story. Miss Emily was a stubborn old woman set in her ways who was content in living in her eyesore among eyesores. Her home was out of place because she never updated the outside nor the inside. Time not only played a role in the appearance of her home, but also in some of her actions. She never married at the appropriate age.
She went through the majority, if not all, of her life single. During her time those actions were unheard. Time can also be related to the decaying bodies in her home. Miss Emily's attitude and actions did not change with time.
She continued to live the same lifestyle until her death. Symbols offer a chance to look deeply into the character and explore their lives. The major elements of setting are the time, place, and social environment that frame the characters (Meyer 137). Miss Emily was regarded as a fallen monument, as old-fashioned and peculiar as the stubborn and coquettish decay of her house (Meyer 138). Neither she nor her house fits into the modern changes that are paving and transforming the town (Meyer 138).
The social environment is relevant to the overall purpose of the story and the character development. The changes in Miss Emily's southern town serve as a foil for her tenacious hold on a lost past (Meyer 138). Miss Emily did not want to change with the southern town. She was constantly struggling to keep hold of her past even though others questioned her actions.
The setting enlarges the meaning of Miss Emily's actions (Meyer 138). The social context is important because it explores the conflicts Faulkner associated with the changing South (Meyer 138). Krebs experiences two settings throughout the story. His life pretty much starts off as frivolous as he finds his town to be when he returns from war. Hemingway places him in a home that has rules and expectations. This home also expects him to be the same as he was before he left for the war.
They do not seem to appreciate or be sympathetic to everything he experienced when he was away. His mother and others pushing him into things that he obviously is not ready to do, only push him into a deeper state of solitude. This town is expecting too much from Krebs which shows their lack of concern for what could be a potentially dangerous situation. By placing Krebs in this environment allows the reader to feel the detachment that Krebs feels. Characters are essential to a story and without them A Rose for Emily would be little more than a faded history of a sleepy town in the South (Meyer 94). Hemingway and Faulkner gave the illusion that Miss Emily and Krebs were real people.
Through diction it was easy to visualize these characters interactions with others. Krebs and Miss Emily were both characters who rarely spoke to others. Diction also allowed Miss Emily to be compared with her home. Simple diction showed that Krebs was a simple character who was experiencing shell shock. Symbolism expressed by Hemingway opened up a meaning to the title of the story. Krebs home was uninviting and did not represent the typical home.
He felt that it was cold and dead. Cold and dead being words that are often associated with a soldier. His home pushed him further than the war physically had him. Time was a major symbol in A Rose for Emily. Miss Emily refused to conform and change with time. Without a setting the characters would not have a place to act.
The changes of the Southern town caused problems for Miss Emily. Her character would not have been interesting in any other setting. She had to battle the thoughts and opinions of the changing Southerners. Krebs setting is pulling him and trying to force him back in place. After evaluating the authors diction, use of symbolism, and setting in the short stories it is easier to define Miss Emily and Krebs character type. Miss Emily and Krebs are round characters.
They display inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people (Meyer 1586). These characters are fully developed, and therefore harder to Bibliography: Meyer, Michael. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5 th ed. Bedford/St. Martins. 2000
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