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Example research essay topic: Pierre De Coubertin First World War - 1,573 words

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The most important thing at the Olympic Games is not to win, but to take part, just as the important thing about life is not to conquer but to struggle well. The words spoken by Pierre de Coubertin, father of the Modern Summer Olympic Games. Baron Pierre de Coubertin may have intended for the new Olympic Games to be a period of concord in which all differences of status, religion, politics and race would be forgotten but unfortunately as the Games have progressed, so too have the political overtones associated with them. Baron Pierre de Coubertin, by reviving the ancient Olympic Games hoped that competition in sports would lead to a new international friendship and better cooperation amongst the nations, whilst also allowing athletes to be exposed to different values than those of their own.

It is with misfortune that the Olympic Games have taken an unexpected turn and are used time and time again as another measurement for the ultimate victory, the ultimate dominance, the ultimate triumph on the world stage. In the commotion of the promotion of the Olympic Games, it is often forgotten that the original principles of the games included that individuals were to be contested against one another, and that countries played no part. In fact, in the first Olympiads, there were no formal teams of nations, rather an assortment of individuals who came to Athens on their own expense for their own purposes. As the Olympic Games progressed, it became more and more apparent for participating nations that it was an excellent opportunity to promote their country.

Perhaps it has something to do with the fact that the Olympic Games is relayed to countries all over the world, exposing it onto a world audience. Even before technological advances of television, the Olympic Games were used by the countries to elevate themselves amongst one another. Even in the first Olympiad of 1896 in Athens, the realisation of the chance or promotion was evident, the Greek royal family of George I used the games as a device to build its power. In addition, when television was initially introduced, the prospect of exposure was heightened.

Although television was first used to transmit images from one country to another in the Summer Olympic Games of 1960 in Rome, it was further intensified in 1964 in Tokyo. The mayor of Tokyo announced that without the Olympics, Japan would not have risen to its high position so fast. Nowadays, it is obvious that television and the Olympic games intertwine with each other, all scheduling of events and ceremonies are processed with television in mind, athletes now wear numbers not only on the front and back of their uniforms, but on the side as well to provide for the television audience. The opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games, similarly are now used to publicise the host countries accomplishments, and to reveal the countries culturally elements. In 1932 the Olympic Games in Los Angeles overcame the problematic times of depression, and what was to become known as the Hollywood Extravaganza set the tone for the world. The tone was that Los Angeles was now on the map as a city of power and prestige, and that the Olympics was a vehicle that publicized and promoted its site as no other sporting event could.

The notion of cultural publicity has become increasingly popular- Gershwins music in Los Angeles in 1984, a taekwondo display in Seoul in 1988, flame chuo in Barcelona in 1992 - have become increasingly prominent. Indeed, smaller nations realised that victory in the Olympic Games would lead to a lifting of their stature. In 1928, smaller nations were able to distinguish themselves. For example, the soccer gold medal was known by Uruguay; Argentina and New Zealand won gold medals in boxing; India was won the gold for field hockey, Ireland won the hammer throw, and the small nation of Haiti won a silver medal. This recognition of the games for exposure has paved the way for significant funding for the athletic development in many countries.

In Romania, they are seeking to gain a national identity and thereby further political integration through its sports champions Unsurprisingly, as the Olympics are a contest between the nations, it is understandable that nationalism plays a colossal role. Medal tallies, the victory stand where the playing of nations anthem, coupled with the display of their flag, provokes emotions of nationalism, which can lead to passionate acts that often result in violence. Also, the mentality that one nation is more deserving, or has more authority over another is heated up in moments of nationalism. Take for example 1900 in Paris, France; the opening ceremony was scheduled for a Sunday, however the Americans refused to participate, the date was then changed to July 14, a Saturday, which coincidentally was Bastille Day, an important day for the French. Although the opening ceremony was to be on a Saturday, the actual competition was to begin the following day, a Sunday. Once again many Americans refused to compete.

Another influence upon the Olympics is the issue of flags and anthems. As time passes and governments change in various countries, so to do their symbols and songs. In 1908, London England, in the opening ceremony the officials from Britain neglected to display the flags of America and Sweden around the stadium. When the Americans matched past the reviewing stand containing King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, they carried their own small flags and Martin Sheridan, the standard- bearer refused to lower the U. S flag saying this flag dips to no earthly king.

The tradition of not dipping the flag continues. Also in London, the Finns refused to carry the Russian flag, and chose not to carry a flag at all. The Irish were also required to march under the flag of Great Britain. Fifty years later and disputes concerning flags continued. In 1956 Melbourne Australia, the flag of Taiwan was accidentally raised over their camp, mainland China then withdrew from the games. The Hungarians also demonstrated over their requirement to compete under the communist flag, they retaliated by taking down the flag that flew over their camp, tore off the Communist symbol and sent up the flag Olympic free Hungary.

In 1976, in Montreal, there were various demonstrations staged by the Ukrainians against the Soviets, by the burning of the flag outside the Olympic village. After the events of the games in Moscow Soviet Union in 1980 where sixteen of the eighty-one teams refused to carry their national flags, many critics objected to flags being raised and anthems played, stating that these nationalistic symbols only increased the political nature of the games. Attempts made by officials have been futile in providing that the Olympic Games be free from the events of war. The fact of the matter is that as an international event, the games will always be effected by war, also an international event. World War 1 and 2 caused the cancellation of the Olympics in 1916, and then 1940 and 1948, as it left Europe in ruins, and the economical position of most countries in severe depression. As the First World War ended, many also predicted the end of the Olympics.

Even though the objective of the Olympic Games was to keep as free from politics as possible, that did not stop the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from forbidding the losers of the first world war; Germany, Austria, Hungary and Turkey from competing. Actually due to the First World War, there were many introduced improvements to the games in an attempt to heal the wounds from the war. These improvements include, a mass prayer for humanity, the five-ringed Olympic flag was establish based on an ancient Greek motif, it was meant to symbolize the friendship of mankind, with the colours representing all nations as every national flag contained at least of these colours of black, red, green, blue and yellow. The Olympic slogan of Cities, Altius, Forties (Faster, Higher, Stronger), was also established. The significance of the Antwerp Games in 1920 was to show that not even a world war, lasting longer that the period of a whole Olympiad, could stop or weaken the Olympic movement During 1900 in England, a rugby football match was staged at Vincennes a suburb of Paris. The French sought revenge from the Germans, as they were defeated in the Franco-Prussian War.

They achieved what the wanted. The French defeated Germany 25 to 16 by some reports, 27 to 17 by others. In 1936, Berlin Germany, a civil war broke out in Spain, their athletes, already in Berlin had to be sent home even before the games began. In 1956 during the Melbourne Olympiad, Hungarians began to protest over Russia controlling their nation in Budapest, Hungary's capital. The Soviets then sent troops and tanks to the attempted Hungarian Revolution. When the struggle broke out, members of the Hungarian Olympic team were on their way to Melbourne.

They were unable to return home to fight as the Russians had tightly secured the Hungarian borders. Although many nations called the Olympics to be cancelled, Avery Brundage, the then president of the IOC was adamant that the games continue. We are dead against any country using the games for political purposes whether right or wrong the Olympics being to the people. They are contests for individuals and not of nations every civilised person recoils in horror at the save...


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Research essay sample on Pierre De Coubertin First World War

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