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Example research essay topic: Clean Air Act Effects Of Acid Rain - 1,122 words

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When looking at air pollution, we can see that there are many types, one type is acid rain. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels mainly in power stations and industry in countries such as Germany, United Kingdom and other economically developed countries is the major cause of acid rain. Acidic deposition or acid rain as it is commonly known occurs when emissions of sulphur dioxide (so 2) and oxides of nitrogen (no) react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen and oxidants to form various acidic compounds, sunlight further accelerates this process with the introduction of heat. These compounds then fall to the earth in either wet form (such as rain, snow, and fog) or dry form (such as gas and particles). The wind then blows these acidic particles onto buildings, cars, homes and trees. In some instances, these gases and particles can then eat and corrode away the objects which they settle on.

There are many effects of acid rain all of which are very negative for the environment, one of these affects is the acidification of lakes and streams and trees at high elevations (for example, red spruce trees above 2, 000 ft). acid rain primarily affects sensitive bodies of water those which rest atop soil with a limited ability to neutralize acidic compounds (called buffering capacity). Many lakes in the National Surface Water survey (NSWS) suffer from chronic acidity, a condition in which water has a constantly low ph level. In some sensitive lakes in Scandinavia acidification has completely eradicated fish species, such as the brook trout leaving these lakes baron, in fact hundreds of lakes in Scandinavia surveyed by the NSWS have acidity levels indicative of chemical conditions for the survival of sensitive fish species. Acid rain has been also implicated into causing the degradation of forests in Scandinavia and Bavaria in Germany, especially in the highly elevated pine forests in the Norway's mountainous regions, causing widespread destruction of trees and along with that the homes and habitats of thousand of animals which with the long term affects of continued acidic soil will never be replaced. There is also a concern about the impact of acid rain on forest soils.

There is good reason to believe that long-term changes in the chemistry of some sensitive soils may have already occurred as a result of acid rain. As the acid rain moves through the soil it can strip the soil of any vital nutrients through chemical reactions, therefore posing a potential threat to the future forest productivity. There are also economic implications to acid rain, acidic particles are known to contribute to the corrosion of metals and deterioration of stone buildings and paint on cars. The corrosion seriously depreciates the value of buildings and goods which are a value to society e. g. old buildings which have to be maintained more due to the increase and effects of acid rain, like statues features becoming less deformed and rounded.

Some manufacturers of motor vehicles have had top paint their cars with acid resistant paint which can protect the car against the corrosive affects of acid rain, at an average cost of 5 per car produced in the Scandinavian countries which is a total of 61 million per year on top of all new cars sold in the Scandinavian countries. However certain regulations have been introduced to prevent future increases in damages to materials, the acid rain program will try to reduce emissions of so 2, the benefits of this program are measured, by the costs now of repair or damage since the program was introduced. There are more social effects of acid rain one is that the health of the general population of a country seems to be worsening due to the air born acidic particles, so 2 has now been regulated by the clean air act in 1990, when sulphur dioxide interacts in the atmosphere to form sulphur aerosols, which may be transported long distances through the air, most of these aerosols then being inhaled and lung conditions e. g. asthma and bronchial conditions are a result of the so 2 emissions. In 2010 when the benefits of the clean air act have been realised then there will be decreased mortality, hospital admissions and emergency room visits.

The clean air act is an international agreement which is set by the environment council which meet and discuss global environmental issues e. g. air pollution, then come up with strategies to combat these problems. On a national scale the spraying of aerosols which contain cfc's which can have a detrimental effect on the ozone layer leading to the accelerated effects of global warming where by the ice caps may melt, this in turn raises the whole sea level of the globe by a couple of feet then islands such as the Maldives and the low countries like the Netherlands and Belgium become flooded. This in turn has many side effects like decreases farm land so then the country has to spend more money on imports and economically this is unbenifital to this country. To combat this problem on a national scale individuals and the general public have bought CFC free aerosols and fridges, which have greatly decreased the threat of global warming.

Also governments have given grants to businesses, which produce this more expensive CFC free aerosol, which has accelerated the decommissioning of cfcs in aerosols. Another air pollutant is the production of smoke and smog from the industrial countries mainly containing ash and other lung disorder causing chemicals and materials so governments especially the united kingdom have had to fit filters such as limestone filters on chimneys to restrict the amount of sulphur dioxide emissions which eventually leads to acid rain, they have been made to do this with the introduction of regulation brought forward by the European union (EU) in Brussels which have given the united kingdom targets of reducing its sulphur dioxide emissions by % 60. As the united kingdom is seen to be the main causer of the acid rain in scandinavia, however this can never be proved and unless this can be proved fines and court cases cant be brought against the British government, the only suggestion of evidence that suggest that the united kingdom causes the destruction of forests and other buildings in the Scandinavian countries is how the prevailing winds blow from east to west in the jet steams both in winter and summer in winter the rose waves and jet streams tighten and pick up sulphur dioxide emissions from Germany and other economically developed countries and drop the acid rain as relief rainfall on Scandinavia as the high pressure looms over Scandinavia at that time of the year.


Free research essays on topics related to: dioxide emissions, global warming, sulphur dioxide, effects of acid rain, clean air act

Research essay sample on Clean Air Act Effects Of Acid Rain

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