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Example research essay topic: Planet From The Sun Carbon Dioxide - 2,115 words

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What are planets? Planets are kinda like asteroid around the sun. There are nine planets in the solar system, Mercury, Venus, Earth (Our planet), Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. The Terrestrial Planets The terrestrial planets are the four innermost planets in the solar system, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.

They are called terrestrial because they have a compact, rocky surface like the Earth's. The planets, Venus, Earth, and Mars have significant atmospheres while Mercury has almost none. The following diagram shows the approximate distance of the terrestrial planets to the Sun. The Sun The Sun is the most prominent feature in our solar system. It is the largest object and contains approximately 98 % of the total solar system mass. One hundred and nine Earths would be required to fit across the Sun's disk, and its interior could hold over 1. 3 million Earths.

The Sun's outer visible layer is called the photosphere and has a temperature of 6, 000 C (11, 000 F). This layer has a mottled appearance due to the turbulent eruptions of energy at the surface. Solar energy is created deep within the core of the Sun. It is here that the temperature (15, 000, 000 C; 27, 000, 000 F) and pressure (340 billion times Earth's air pressure at sea level) is so intense that nuclear reactions take place.

This reaction causes four protons or hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to form one alpha particle or helium nucleus. The alpha particle is about. 7 percent less massive than the four protons. The difference in mass is expelled as energy and is carried to the surface of the Sun, through a process known as convection, where it is released as light and heat. Energy generated in the Sun's core takes a million years to reach its surface.

Every second 700 million tons of hydrogen are converted into helium ashes. In the process 5 million tons of pure energy is released; therefore, as time goes on the Sun is becoming lighter. The chromosphere is above the photosphere. Solar energy passes through this region on its way out from the center of the Sun. Faculae and flares arise in the chromosphere. Faculae are bright luminous hydrogen clouds which form above regions where sunspots are about to form.

Flares are bright filaments of hot gas emerging from sunspot regions. Sunspots are dark depressions on the photosphere with a typical temperature of 4, 000 C (7, 000 F). The corona is the outer part of the Sun's atmosphere. It is in this region that prominences appears. Prominences are immense clouds of glowing gas that erupt from the upper chromosphere. The outer region of the corona stretches far into space and consists of particles traveling slowly away from the Sun.

The corona can only be seen during total solar eclipses. The Sun appears to have been active for 4. 6 billion years and has enough fuel to go on for another five billion years or so. At the end of its life, the Sun will start to fuse helium into heavier elements and begin to swell up, ultimately growing so large that it will swallow the Earth. After a billion years as a red giant, it will suddenly collapse into a white dwarf -- the final end product of a star like ours. It may take a trillion years to cool off completely.

Mercury It is the closest planet to the Sun, and second smallest planet in the solar system. Its diameter is 40 % smaller than Earth and 40 % larger than the Moon. It is even smaller than Jupiter's moon Ganymede and Saturn's moon Titan Mercury is one of the planet that doesn't have a moon or salitlite obliging around it. Mercury orbit around (and all the way) the sun takes about 88 Earth days. Mercury has no atmosphere, and the planet is too small to hold one.

With no atmosphere, there is no heat, so it's temp. is about - 133 C. Mercury was named by the Romans after the fleet-footed messenger of the gods because it seemed to move more quickly than any other planet, obliging around (and all the way) the sun takes about 88 Earth days... If an explorer were to step onto the surface of Mercury, he would discover a world resembling lunar terrain. Mercury's rolling, dust-covered hills have been eroded from the constant bombardment of meteorites.

Fault-cliffs rise for several kilometers in height and extend for hundreds of kilometers. Craters dot the surface. The explorer would notice that the Sun appears two and a half times larger than on Earth; however, the sky is always black because Mercury has virtually no atmosphere to cause scattering of light. As the explorer gazes out into space, he might see two bright stars. One appearing as cream colored Venus and the other as blue colored Earth. Venus Venus is the second planet from the sun.

Venus is very close to the Earth, the distance is about 41, 400, 00 km away, so sometimes, Venus is consider Earth's twin. Both are similar in size, mass, density and volume. Both formed about the same time and condensed out of the same nebula. However, during the last few years scientists have found that the kinship ends here. Venus is very different from the Earth. It has no oceans and is surrounded by a heavy atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide with virtually no water vapor.

Its clouds are composed of sulfuric acid droplets. At the surface, the atmospheric pressure is 92 times that of the Earth's at sea-level. Venus shines more than any other planet. The orbit Venus takes around the sun is closer to a perfect circle than any other planets. The orbiting speed for Venus is about 35 km per second. Venus is one of the planet that doesn't have a moon.

Venus's surface temperature of about 482 C (900 F). This high temperature is primarily due to a runaway greenhouse effect caused by the heavy atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere to heat the surface of the planet. Heat is radiated out, but is trapped by the dense atmosphere and not allowed to escape into space. This makes Venus hotter than Mercury. A Venusian day is 243 Earth days and is longer than its year of 225 days.

Oddly, Venus rotates from east to west. To an observer on Venus, the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east. Earth Earth is the third planet from the sun a distance of about 150 million kilometers (93. 2 million miles). It takes 365. 256 days for the Earth to travel around the Sun and 23. 9345 hours for the Earth rotate a complete revolution.

It has a diameter of 12, 756 kilometers (7, 973 miles), only a few hundred kilometers larger than that of Venus. Our atmosphere is composed of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other constituents. Earth is one of the planet that have a moon obliging around it. Earth surface is made of two-thirds water. Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to harbor life.

Our planet's rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give rise to an extensive magnetic field, which, along with the atmosphere, shields us from nearly all of the harmful radiation coming from the Sun and other stars. Earth's atmosphere protects us from meteors, most of which burn up before they can strike the surface. Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is commonly referred to as the Red Planet. The rocks, soil and sky have a red or pink hue. The distinct red color was observed by stargazers throughout history. Before space exploration, Mars was considered the best candidate for harboring extraterrestrial life.

Astronomers thought they saw straight lines crisscrossing its surface. This led to the popular belief that irrigation canals on the planet had been constructed by intelligent beings. Another reason for scientists to expect life on Mars had to do with the apparent seasonal color changes on the planet's surface. This phenomenon led to speculation that conditions might support a bloom of Martian vegetation during the warmer months and cause plant life to become dormant during colder periods. The atmosphere of Mars is quite different from that of Earth. It is composed primarily of carbon dioxide with small amounts of other gases.

The six most common components of the atmosphere are: Carbon Dioxide (CO 2): 95. 32 %, Nitrogen (N 2): 2. 7 %, Argon (Ar): 1. 6 %, Oxygen (O 2): 0. 13 %, Water (H 2 O): 0. 03 %, and Neon (Ne): 0. 00025 % The average recorded temperature on Mars is - 63 C (- 81 F) with a maximum temperature of 20 C (68 F) and a minimum of - 140 C (- 220 F). The Jovian Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as the Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets, because they are all gigantic compared with Earth, and they have a gaseous nature like Jupiter's. The Jovian planets are also referred to as the gas giants, although some or all of them might have small solid cores. The following diagram shows the approximate distance of the Jovian planets to the Sun.

Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and is the largest one in the solar system. If Jupiter were hollow, more than one thousand Earths could fit inside. It also contains more matter than all of the other planets combined. It has a mass of 1. 9 x 1027 kg and is 142, 800 kilometers (88, 736 miles) across the equator. Jupiter possesses 28 known satellites, four of which - Callisto, Europa, Ganymede and Io.

The atmosphere is very deep, perhaps comprising the whole planet, and is somewhat like the Sun. It is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of methane, ammonia, water vapor and other compounds. At great depths within Jupiter, the pressure is so great that the hydrogen atoms are broken up and the electrons are freed so that the resulting atoms consist of bare protons. This produces a state in which the hydrogen becomes metallic. Colorful latitudinal bands, atmospheric clouds and storms illustrate Jupiter's dynamic weather systems. The cloud patterns change within hours or days.

The Great Red Spot is a complex storm moving in a counter-clockwise direction. At the outer edge, material appears to rotate in four to six days; near the center, motions are small and nearly random in direction. An array of other smaller storms and eddies can be found through out the banded clouds. Auroral emissions, similar to Earth's northern light, were observed in the polar regions of Jupiter.

The auroral emissions appear to be related to material from Io that spirals along magnetic field lines to fall into Jupiter's atmosphere. Cloud-top lightning bolts, similar to super bolts in Earth's high atmosphere, were also observed. Unlike Saturn's intricate and complex ring patterns, Jupiter has a simple ring system that is composed of an inner halo, a main ring and a Gossamer ring. Galileo imagery provided the unexpected discovery that Gossamer is really two rings. One ring is embedded within the other. The rings are very tenuous and are composed of dust particles kicked up as interplanetary meteoroids smash into Jupiter's four small inner moons Metis, Adrastea, Thebe, and Am althea.

Many of the particles are microscopic in size. Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and is the second largest in the solar system with an equatorial diameter of 119, 300 kilometers (74, 130 miles). Saturn is visibly flattened at the poles, a result of the very fast rotation of the planet on its axis. Its day is 10 hours, 39 minutes long, and it takes 29. 5 Earth years to revolve about the Sun. The atmosphere is primarily composed of hydrogen with small amounts of helium and methane. Saturn is the only planet less dense than water (about 30 percent less).

In the unlikely event that a large enough ocean could be found, Saturn would float in it. Saturn's hazy yellow hue is marked by broad atmospheric banding similar to, but fainter than, that found on Jupiter. Saturn's ring system makes the planet one of the most beautiful objects in the solar system. The rings are split into a number of different parts, which include the bright A and B rings and a fainter C ring. The ring system has various gaps. The most notable gap is the Cassini [kah-SEE-nee] Division, which separates the A and B rings.

Saturn has 30 named satellites and more continue to be discovered. Uranus Uranus is the seventh...


Free research essays on topics related to: solar system, mercury venus, planet from the sun, venus earth, carbon dioxide

Research essay sample on Planet From The Sun Carbon Dioxide

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