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Example research essay topic: Economic And Political Theodore Roosevelt - 1,031 words

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This Paper will outline President Theodore Roosevelt's role in helping to conserve our environment during his administration (1901 - 1909). It will also examine his theory of a stronger American democracy through environmental conservationism. "The movement for the conservation of wildlife, and the larger movement for the conservation of all our natural resources, are essentially democratic in spirit, purpose, and method. " (Roosevelt 274) As president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt made conservation a central policy issue of his administration. He created five National Parks, four Big Game Refuges, fifty-one National bird Reservations, and the National Forest Service. Roosevelt advocated for the sustainable use of the nation's natural resources, the protection and management of wild game, and the preservation of wild spaces. Considering America's landscape to be the source of American wealth and the American character, Roosevelt believed conservationism was a democratic movement necessary to maintain and to strengthen American democracy. Roosevelt recognized America's vast natural resources as the source of the country's economic wealth and subsequent political strength globally.

The abundance of land, timber, waterways, and mineral deposits fueled the continuing expansion of American industry. In a speech addressed to a national conference on conservation held at the White House in 1908, Roosevelt stated, "Our position in the world has been attained by the extent and thoroughness of the control we have achieved over nature; but we are more, and not less, dependent upon what she furnishes than at any previous time of history. " (Internet 1) The United States had built its economic and political strength by exploiting the nation's natural resources; but Roosevelt, like other leading conservationists, no longer believed that these natural resources were infinite in their abundance. The end of the nineteenth century brought the closing of the frontier, the near extinction of the buffalo, and the extinction of the passenger pigeon. Both species had symbolized America's endless natural abundance, and their destruction forced many Americans to question the myth of nature's infinitude.

Understanding the finite quality of America's natural resources, Roosevelt felt that the nation's dependency on them could now become the nation's weakness if the reckless and wasteful exploitation of these resources continued. The conservation and management of the nation's natural resources was urgently necessary to ensure their future availability. Roosevelt went on to say in his speech to the conference on conservation, "It is equally clear that these resources are the final basis for national power and perpetuity. " (Internet 1) Concerned about the long term well being of the nation, Roosevelt regarded the land as an economic resource which must be conserved and managed to protect the long term economic and political strength of the nation. Roosevelt believed that conservation, as a utilitarian tool for sustained economic growth, strengthened American democracy.

He hoped that conservation would achieve the economic goal of providing the greatest good, for the greatest number, over the greatest period of time. Roosevelt stretched the concept of a democratic society to include its future members. Considering it undemocratic to exploit and squander the nation's natural resources for present profit, he believed that a democratic society should work to protect the economic strength of future generations. Conservation, having the goal of sustainable resource use for successive generations, was for Roosevelt inherently democratic. Roosevelt encouraged the federal government's acquisition and management of public lands and the natural resources within them. He wanted to use this government acquisition and management to prevent the exploitation of the nation's natural resources by industry and the wealthy for industrial or private gain and to ensure a more equal and democratic distribution of the public lands and its resources.

Describing the public land use policies of the federal government prior to his presidency, Roosevelt writes that decisions were made "in favor of private interests against the public welfare. " (Roosevelt 430) He clearly states the principles guiding the land use policies of his administration: "The principles thus formulated and applied may be summed up in the statement that the rights of the public to the natural resources outweigh private rights, and must be given its first consideration. " (Roosevelt 438) Roosevelt enacted land policies consistent with this democratic value of greater land distribution and resource access for the lower socio-economic classes he opened up National Forests lands suitable for agriculture to small farmers and challenged the exclusive grazing rights of large ranchers on the public lands of the West. Despite the opposition of "land grabbers and the great private interests, " (Roosevelt 440) Roosevelt demanded that those who used public land and resources for private profit pay the government for their usage. This measure further strengthened the principle that public lands and natural resources belong to the public, and that they do not exist for the unrestricted use of private industry. Government land management was not only a means to achieving a greater economic equity of land and resource use, but for ensuring access to wilderness for recreation and hunting to all classes. Roosevelt wrote in his essay on Yellowstone National Park: It is entirely in our power as a nation to preserve large tracts of wilderness... as playgrounds for rich and poor alike, and to preserve the game...

But this end can only be achieved by wise laws and by a a resolute enforcement of the laws. Lack of such legislation and administration will result in harm to all of us, but most of all harm to the nature lover who doe not possess vast wealth. Already there have sprung up here and there through the country, as in New Hampshire and the Adirondacks, large private preserves. (Internet 2) Roosevelt's commitment to federal action to ensure land access to all socio-economic classes was fostered in part by his belief that wilderness recreation, and hunting specifically, engendered in men the qualities essential for good citizenship. He wrote, "The establishment of the National Park Service is justified by considerations of good administration, of the value of natural beauty as a National asset, and of the effectiveness of outdoor life and recreation in the production of good citizenship. " (Roosevelt 246) Roosevelt feared that the increasingly urban population, removed from wilderness, was losing the qualities that led...


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Research essay sample on Economic And Political Theodore Roosevelt

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