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Example research essay topic: Low Income Families Public School System - 1,376 words

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The debate over whether or not the United States government should grant tuition vouchers to the parents of children who attend private schools has gone on for many years, and has included many powerful arguments on both sides of the issue. Those who support the private school vouchers believe that they are beneficial to everyone because they promote productivity in both public and private schools alike, and they also give low-income families the chance to give their children a quality private school education. Those in opposition to the vouchers say that they will drain money out of the public schools, and that they only truly help a small population, mainly the wealthy and advantaged. Opposers also believe that the vouchers interfere with the Separation of Church and State, since many private schools have a religious affiliation. This issue has truly been a controversial one, with many people fighting arduously.

After reading through the various arguments for each side, one can not help but come to their own conclusion about private school vouchers. There have been many school voucher programs proposed in the past, but they all seem to share one common theme. This similarity between them is that they all promote giving households that send their children to private schools a tax dollar-funded voucher that would cover all or most of the cost of the schools tuition. Many of the proposals also include the right for parents to chose which private school their child will attend. The vouchers allows students to use the money that would be subsidized for them in a public school to go toward a private school education.

This system redirects the flow of educational funding, bringing it to the individual family instead of the school district. The idea of school vouchers first became popular after Milton Friedman, an economist, released two publications, in 1956 and in 1962, that supported the voucher plan. In his 1962 book, Capitalism and Freedom, when Friedman discusses education, he turns to public education criticizes it for being unresponsive because it has been free from competition (Lieberman, 120). Vouchers would provide this much needed competition, since public schools would now have to contend with the private schools that were receiving the same payments they were. Friedman believes that, most dissatisfied parents have only two options. They can enroll their children in private schools, in which case they have to bear the costs in addition to paying taxes to support public schools.

Or they can resort to political action, an option Friedman regards as ineffective. (ibid. ) After Friedman publicly showed his support for school vouchers, a debate began in America, with fellow supporters and the opposers announcing their views on People on both sides of this issue have been very vocal over the years, explaining why they think school vouchers should or should not be implemented in American schools. In arguing about the same point in the debate, like the decline in the quality of public schools or the separation of church and state, each group has found a way to make it fit into their beliefs. Therefore, nothing is ever accomplished because the groups blame each other for any problems involved with the vouchers that may arise. Besides the two points listed above, minority education and low-income student education have also been used as powerful arguments both for and against private school vouchers. The Decline in the Quality of Public School Education Supporters of school vouchers feel that establishing this program in private schools will be of great help to the dilapidated public schools. Like Friedman said, public schools have not had any competition, and so, they have let their performance slowly diminish.

Vouchers would create a contest between private and public schools, because of the high transfer rates, and the corresponding loss of funds in the public schools. This would create an incentive for both to increase their productivity. Standardized test scores, which have also seen a large decline, will then be higher when the students learning environment, what and where they are learning, and who they are learning from, is improved. Private schools have been typically known to give more attention to the student, and thus improve his or her learning ability. Public schools can learn from this and begin, in order to compete with their rival, to focus on the most important people in this situation -- the students. Defenders of school vouchers strongly disagree when the programs are accused of draining money out of the public school system.

Their argument is that a considerably smaller amount is spent on private students then on public. In fact, in an article written in 1998, the author states that, On average, public schools now spend close to $ 7, 000 per student, per year, twice the average at private schools. (Coulson, Myth-Conceptions About School Choice) This allows supporters to claim that the public school districts are not properly funding the schools with the sufficient amounts they are receiving. Vouchers would not affect the public schools since they would not need funding for the students leaving the public system. This meager loss of funding should not affect the schools at all if they are spending the subsidy they do receive properly.

Those who are against school vouchers believe that they would reduce public school funding if implemented. This is because students who are already paying tuition to attend the private schools will receive the vouchers, thus taking money away from the public schools. Even though there will not be a loss due to students leaving the public school system because of vouchers, there is still a loss because the public schools will now have to share funds with the private schools. The public schools claim that they need this money more because it goes to a broader range of services required to serve their more diverse mix of students, especially those from low-income families. Since many of the students that attend public schools, particularly inner city school students, come from low income families, and are the needy people in the community, this loss of money affects them the most. Thus, the vouchers will only cause more harm then good In response to the supporters argument that vouchers should be implemented because of a decline in performance in public schools, and a high level of performance in private schools, opponents argue that this is because most students that attend private schools come from wealthy and advantaged families.

The parents of these families are usually very well educated themselves, and put more of a focus on their childs education. This, therefore, helps to instill a desire to learn into the children and actually helps them achieve better grades. Many of the students that attend the public schools come from backgrounds where education was not looked at with extreme importance, and they do not receive much support at home. This then, often makes them not eager to learn, and makes achieving low test grades not a significant problem.

The Separation of Church and State says that religion, and any institutions related to it, can not interfere with government, nor can government interfere with it. This is a popular argument that voucher supporters face, since many private schools have religious affiliations. The response to it is that all private schools dont have religious affiliations. Most of them, in fact, are merely small, privately owned, exclusive institutions that pride themselves on giving more attention to each student individually. Though religious schools are included and considered private institutions, this is no reason to say that vouchers should not be used since the majority of private schools are not In defense of the religious schools, voucher supporters turned to the Supreme Court.

Though it has not come up with a final verdict on the issue yet, the Court has been using a three-part test used to determine the constitutionality of aid to religious organizations. These three criterion for are: 1) All government funding must have a secular purpose. 2) Its primary effect must not be the advancement of religion. 3) It must not entangle the state excessively in church affairs. (Browne... , Vouchers: An Initiative for School Reform? ) Defenders of the vouchers say that this test makes vouchers in religious schools constitutional be...


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Research essay sample on Low Income Families Public School System

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