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Example research essay topic: Oppenheimer And The Atomic Bomb - 1,958 words

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... y concerned about wining to prove to himself and the world he was a great scientist. In 1963 Lyndon B. Johnson reinstated him and his reputation in the United States. He immediately received the Enrico Fermi Award of the Atomic Energy Commission.

He retired at Princeton in 1966 and died of cancer later that year. So in the end of his life Oppenheimer lectured to the world on science and education until his death. He gave the most attention to the issue of the nuclear arms race and tried to prevent it from happening, but was silenced by a government that disagreed with his ideas. Oppenheimer resembled Just and Feynman in many ways.

He most mimicked their scientific style through the political and non-scientific factors. Oppenheimer and Feynman were both Jewish. Because of this they both faced an initial prejudice do to their religion. Just was a black scientist so he had an initial prejudice placed on him.

They all faced a barrier at the beginning of their scientific careers. Just could never clear the racist hurdle, because the trend in American was to neglect minorities at this time. A black scientist in American that could possibly be well respected was unheard of. Just became bitter at the American system of science and left for Europe. Unlike Oppenheimer and Feynman, they stayed and cleared their initial prejudice hurdle. Once they cleared it they were accepted.

Oppenheimer was so intelligent people were mystified and afraid of his intellect they accepted him as a brilliant scientist. Feynman also was like this; he was very intelligent and proved to his colleagues that he was capable of greater achievements. Both of these men frightened their colleagues with their capacitance for knowledge. Just couldnt be accepted as a person. His colleagues accepted him as a scientist, but his family was shunned from the community in which he lived. Feynman and Oppenheimer were accepted as people and scientists.

Just was just a scientist to be exposed by his colleagues as a black wonder, not a human being. Oppenheimer was a trusting husband to his wife Katherine. Unlike Just who was a womanizer that had various affairs with white women in Europe. For a Black man this was seen as a huge mistake in the United States.

He could have been lynched or killed in a hideous display of murder. Feynman had a wife, but liked to flirt with other women. He was a typical womanizer, but still had a somewhat faithful relationship with his wife. Oppenheimer had moral support from his wife like Just and Feynman. In all these cases having women in their lives made their science better. Oppenheimer had willingly decided to work for the government.

He did not know that his discoveries would be used in a negative way. He knew he was building a bomb and thought that nuclear war was evitable, but wanted to work out peace agreements instead of fighting. Oppenheimer had moral problems with the expansion of the bomb and he felt uncomfortable being known as the father of the atomic bomb. Just worked for a government laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

He did his own work and research to benefit his knowledge. He really didnt care how his science was used in practical application; he just wanted acceptance. Many of his embryology ideas became in common use. Feynman worked with Oppenheimer at Los Almost Laboratory on the bomb project. He felt guilty about what he had done, but not to the point that Oppenheimer felt. Feynman liked his work their, but felt like his career didnt mean anything after the bomb project.

There wasnt a challenge that excited him after the Manhattan Project. Basically, Oppenheimer realized that his knowledge was being used for corrupted purposes and didnt like it. Therefore he was tried as a communist during the McCarthy Trials. Feynman missed the challenge of the science he was doing.

He too conversed with known communist spies, but he didnt know it personally. Feynman was sneaking around all the time writing coded messages and doing weird things. He would get away on weekends with the aid of an Englishmen named Files. He turned out to be a communist spy, without anyone ever knowing about it. Feynman didnt mind the work and why he was doing it. He saw it as a challenging job.

Oppenheimer realized what he was doing and disagreed with the moral justification of it. So Feynman and Oppenheimer were very similar in their political behaviors in unrelated ways. Just wanted a fair shake in life and became so angry with the system he left the country and didnt want to come back to it. He would have liked his ideas to be used on a wide scale and have them accepted. Just had to deal with people back stabbing him in order to debauch his theories and ideas. I feel Oppenheimer was most shaped by his non-scientific factors in his life compared to Ernest Just and Richard Feynman.

Robert Julius Oppenheimer was a great scientist that was shaped from a religious upbringing and considered by many as a genius of his time. His deep religious upbringing is what led him to his moral temperament and allowed him to see the devastation the bomb would do before it was even dropped. He stood his ground on his faith and morality in supporting his views. Even though he knew he would be incriminated in the Red Scare, he felt it necessary to stand firm in his beliefs. Like Just he too was back stabbed by a former colleague, Teller, when it came time for an important decision that affect many people.

He is long remembered as the scientist who fought against his scientific knowledge and moral upbringing in order to create a world he thought would best for human society. Even though he was slowed down by the Red Scare, he fought through it and had his reputation blemished until Johnson reinstated him as an American Icon of science and discovery. Oppenheimer was a genius, scientist and a noble American. Bibliography: List of Works Consulted Adler, Felix. "Ethics Teaching and the Philosophy of Life. " School and Home, publication of the Ethical Culture School P. T, A. , November 1921, pp. 1 - 3.

Asian, Korea, Jr. "J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Open Mind. " Address given at the New York Society for Ethical Culture. 4 May, 1969. Bernstein, Richard J. "Dewey, John. " Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed.

Paul Edwards. New York: Macmillan, 1967. Best, Steven. "Dewey, John. " Encyclopedia of the American Left. Ed. Mari Jo Buhle, Paul Buhle and Dan Georgakas.

New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc. , 1990. Bluestone, Miriam D. "Oppenheimer, J. Robert. " Political Profiles. The Eisenhower Years. New York: Facts on File, Inc. , 1977. Boston, Ann.

Guide to the Works of John Dewey. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970. Chevalier, Haakon. Oppenheimer: The Story of a Friendship.

New York: George Braziller, 1965. Coughlan, Neil. Young John Dewey: An Essay in American Intellectual History. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1973. Davis, New Pharr. Lawrence and Oppenheimer.

New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968. Dewey, John, Characters and Events: Popular Essays in Social and Political Philosophy by John Dewey. Ed. Joseph Ratner.

Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. , 1929; Reprint, New York: Octagon Books, 1970. "Dewey, John. " The National Cvclopaedia American Biography. New York: James T. White and Company, 1955. Dewey, John and James H.

Tufts. Ethics. American Science Series. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1908. Dewey, John and James H.

Tufts. Ethics. Revised edition. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1932. Ellaby, Donna. " 0 oppenheimer, J. Robert. " Political Profiles.

The Truman Years. New York: Facts on File, Inc. , 1978. Elliott, John Lovejoy. "The Aims and Methods of Ethics Teaching. " School and Home, publication of the Ethical Culture School P. T. A. , November 1921, pp. 3 - 9.

Ethical Culture School. "History and Aim of the School, " School Catalog, 1911 - 12, pp. 5 - 7. Ethical Culture School. "History and Aim of the School. " School Catalog, 1920 - 21, pp. 5 - 8. Ethical Culture School, The Course of Study in Moral Education. New York: Ethical Culture School, 1912, Reprint, 1916, Flower, Elizabeth and Murray G, Murphey.

A History of Philosophy in America. Volume 2. New York: C. P. Putnam's Sons, 1977. Franck, James, et al. "A Report to the Secretary of War - June 1945. " Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1 (May 1, 1946), 2 - 4, 16.

Friend, Horace L. Felix Adler and Ethical Culture: Memories and Studies. Ed. Fannie Weingartner.

Mew York: Columbia University Press, 1981. Good child, Peter. J. Robert Oppenheimer: Shattered of Worlds. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1980. Kipphardt, Hear.

In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer; a play freely adapted on the basis of the documents. Trans. by John Roberts. 2 nd ed. New York: Hill and Wang, 1968. Kraut, Benny.

From Reform Judaism to Ethical Culture: The Religious Evolution of Felix Adler. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1979. Kunetka, James W. Oppenheimer: The Years of Risk.

Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1982. McGilvary, Evander B. "Ethics. " Book review. Psychological Bulletin, 6 (1909), 14 - 22. Oppenheimer, J.

Robert. "The Atom Bomb as a Great Force for Peace. " New York Times Magazine, 9 June 1946, pp. 7 +. Oppenheimer, J. Robert. "Atomic Weapons and the Crisis in Science. " The Saturday Review, 24 November 1945, pp. 9 - 11. Oppenheimer, J. Robert. "The International Control of Atomic Energy, " Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1 (June 1, 1946), 1 - 5. Oppenheimer, J.

Robert. "Physics in the Contemporary World. " Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 4: 3 (March, 1948), pp. 67 f. Oppenheimer, J. Robert, Uncommon Sense. Ed, N. Metropolis, Gian-Carlo Rota, and David Sharp. Boston: Basel, Stuttgart; Birkhauser, 1984.

Oppenheimer, Robert. Robert Oppenheimer Letters and Recollections. Ed. Alice Kimball Smith and Charles Weiner. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1980, "Oppenheimer, " Time, 23 February 1948, pp. , 94. Peers, Rudolf. "Oppenheimer, J.

Robert. " The Dictionary of Scientific. Biography. Ed. Charles Coulston Gillespie.

New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970 - 1980. Pells, Richard H. The Liberal Mind in a Conservative Age: American Intellectuals in the 1940 s and 1950 s. New York: Harper & Row, 1985. Sharp, Frank C. "Ethics. " Book review. The International Journal of Ethics, 44 (October, 1933), 155 - 160. "Some Typical Ethics Lessons. " School and Home, publication of the Ethical Culture School P.

T. A. , November 1921, pp. 21 - 28. Spring, Joel. American Education: An Introduction to Social and Political Aspects. 4 th ed.

New York & London: Longman, Inc. , 1989. Stern, Phillip M. The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial. New York, Evanston, and London: Harper & Row, 1969.

Taylor, Telford. Grand Inquest: The Story of Congressional Investigations. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1955. Thayer, H, S. "Pragmatism. " Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Ed, Paul Edwards. New York: Macmillan, 1967. Tobey, Ronald C, Horus Gets In Gear: A Beginner's Guide to Research in the History of Science. 2 nd revised ed. , Riverside: Department of History, University of California - Riverside, 1990, United States Atomic Energy Commission. In the Matter of J.

Robert Oppenheimer: Transcript of the Hearing before Personnel Security Board and Texts of Principal Documents and Letters. Foreword by Philip M. Stern. Cambridge and London: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1970, Wilde, Norman, "Ethics. " Book review.

The Journal of Philosophy. Psychology. and Scientific Methods, 5 (November 5, 1908), 636 - 639. York, Herbert F. The Advisors: Oppenheimer, Teller and the Superbomb. San Francisco: W.

H. Freeman and Company, 1976.


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