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... money on the teams because of poor attendance and because many players were seen as conspirators that were fixing games. In 1876 the early league fell apart and was replaced by the National League. Control of baseball shifted from the players to the owners who made sure gambling was formally prohibited. Owners also inserted the reserve clause in the contracts of their top players, requiring them to stay with the same team over the next century.
Despite the rules against gambling, gambling still was rampant. The league had investigated Pete Rose gambling as early as 1970, but took no action until 1989. I find it ironic that during the time when baseballs great Pete Rose was being ridiculed for his alleged gambling on sports events, newspapers were filled with stories about Illinois and Pennsylvania lotteries and their respective offers to win millions of dollar jackpots. Millions of people were placing bets on these particular lotteries as well as dozens of other state lotteries but perception played their participation as legitimate. A baseball legend was being threatened with disgrace and possible expulsion from the game that he loved simply because he made the same choice to gamble. There is no difference in the gambling that was experienced by baseball than that experienced by the casino.
Gambling is gambling. Society has changed its attitude from gambling is wrong, gambling is a sin; to one of saying its okay to gamble. The policy questions have shifted from should we gamble or not to who gets to benefit by being the purveyors of gambling services? The Book of Discipline of The United Methodist Church states, in The Social Principles (paragraph 67, G): "Gambling is a menace to society, deadly to the best interests of moral, social, economic and spiritual life, and destructive of good government. As an act of faith and concern, Christians should abstain from gambling and should strive to minister to those victimized by the practice...
The church should promote standards and personal lifestyles that would make unnecessary the resort to commercial gambling including public lotteries as a recreation, as an escape, or as a means of producing public revenue or funds for support of charities or government. " The American Psychiatric Association officially recognized compulsive gambling as a mental illness in 1980. Although philosophers and writers through the ages have known its terrors, there is no clear consensus on what, precisely, a compulsive gambler is. The American Psychiatric Association defines a compulsive gambler as someone, who is able to resist the urge to bet and consequently disrupts his or her family, personal, or professional life. Gamblers Anonymous says compulsive gamblers share three central characteristics: the inability and unwillingness to accept reality; emotional insecurity; and immaturity. Recent medical studies indicate that there may be a biological side to compulsive gambling. Life is a gamble, and risk is a part of our daily life.
The questions before us are not, in that sense, new. But they are certainly more complex, and they will demand our full attention in the next decade. Americas cities need more help than anyone really knows how to give them. The resurgence of legal gambling also raises classic issues of public morality. The willingness of the state to legalize and sponsor gambling has introduced large amounts of new special interest money into our politics. On a broad scale, commercial gambling ignites the same fears that arise when any industry begins to dominate the state or communities in which it operates.
Local and national political processes can be warped or corrupted by the industry's influence, and unforeseen or unfamiliar social problems can surface. The very real hope that new jobs and new tax revenues bring to any community is tempered by doubts about what else happens after the gambling genie is released out of a bottle. Gambling is tightly woven into so many concepts and aspects of American life since the country was founded that it can hardly be considered a newcomer. One detail I might add is that how this once largely informal activity is being institutionalized and marketed with the same vigor and innocence as baby food. Commercial gambling's modern maestros take pride in pointing out how long gambling has been around, without acknowledging how very different their product is from its predecessors. Lotteries have come and gone in the past, but they have never been as ubiquitous, frequent, and permanent as they are now.
Sports and sports betting have always been twins, but television and the personal computer have now ramped up the action and the stakes. Almost every second of every day somewhere in the country, a gambler, ecstatic within driven by a desire to finally strike it rich. A hand firmly hugging a quarter, carefully guides it to a perfectly fitted slot and releases it into the appetite of a slot machine. The quarter eagerly falls a brief decent and plunges downward slamming the machine into action.
The quarters mission now complete, ends its journey as it lay still in the bottom of the machine joining numerous other quarters that preceeded its journey. The same hand presses a button or pulls a handle instantly relaying another pulse that communicates with a computer chip deeply implanted inside the machine. The challenge has begun. Following the chip command, a computer program randomly produces a number that allocates where and when the machines reel will stop. Maybe the reel combination generates a rich win and maybe it generates a poor loss. Findlay, John M. (1986).
People of Chance: Gambling in American Society From Jamestown to Los Vegas. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986 Longstreet, Stephen. (1977). Win or Lose: A Social History of Gambling in America. Indianapolis: The Books-Merrill, 1977 Newton, Lisa H. , Ford, Maureen M. (2000). Taking Sides: Business Ethics and Society. Guilford, CT: McGraw-Hill OBrien, Timothy L. (1998).
Bad Bet. New York: Random House. Page, Clarence W. (1993, July). The Truth About Gambling [Online]. Available: web ht a / win america /abuse. html Ruggiero, Vincent R. (1998).
Beyond Feelings: A Guide To Critical Thinking. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing (1999, June) Supreme Court Overturns Ban on Casino Adds. Maranatha Christian Journal. [Online]. Available: web Bibliography:
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Research essay sample on American Psychiatric Association Pete Rose
