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Example research essay topic: 20 Th Century Max Weber - 1,216 words

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Sociological imagination can be defined as that quality of mind essential to grasp the interplay of man and society, of biography and history, of self and world (9). Sociological imagination is central to the study of society because it allows many of the personal troubles of individuals to be understood and solved on a broader, society-wide level. I have written many papers for many teachers and taken many tests for teachers. If I fail a test then it looks bad on me and my intelligence, but if half the class fails the test then the teachers test making skills have to be looked at, and possibly the failure of the test was because the teacher made a bad test or possibly the test was discriminating against the students race, gender, culture, etc. Three sociologists made a very strong impact on how we as a culture interpret society. Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) was a German political philosopher and revolutionists, cofounder with Friedrich Engels of scientific socialism (modern communism), and one of the most influential thinkers of all time.

Marx was also known for being a historian and an economist. Marx inspired the modern conflict theory. Marx's theory of class conflict: 1. All social systems distribute scarce and valuable resources unequally. 2. The resulting inequalities and inequities create conflicts of interest among the various strata and classes in the system. 3. These conflict of interest result in the reorganization of social systems.

In the past, new patterns of inequality always brought about further conflict and change. 4. In the long run, these conflicts result in the reorganization of social systems. In the past, new patterns of inequality always brought about further conflict and change. Marx believes that society is and always has been fundamentally divided between two classes the one that controls the means of production and the one that does not. Marx focused on the conflict struggle between the controlling class and the class that had no power. To back up his theory of class struggle, Marx showed how throughout history there has always been a power struggle.

For example, between master and slave, lord and peasant, whites and blacks, etc. Marx's influence during his life was not great, after his death it increased with the growth of the labor movement. Marx's ideas and theories came to be known as Marxism, or scientific socialism, which constitutes one of the principal currents of contemporary political, thought. His analysis of capitalist economy and his theories of historical materialism, the class struggle, and the surplus value have become the basis of modern socialist doctrine. Of decisive importance with the respect to revolutionary action are his theories on the nature of the capitalist state, the road to power, and the dictatorship of the proletariat. These doctrines, revised by most socialists after his death, were revived in the 20 th century.

Vladimir Inch Lenin developed and applied these theories. They became the cores of the theory of Bolshevism and the Third Internationalism. Marx's ideas, as interpreted by Lenin, continued to have influence throughout most of the 20 th century. In much of the world, including Africa and South America, leaders who claimed to represent the proletariat formed emerging nations. Marxist theory on class struggle was not a thing of the past; it continues on today. The struggle that occurs most often is the struggle between male and female.

Even between the same gender there are struggles for most control. Max Weber (1864 - 1920) was another sociologist that believed in a sort of conflict theory. Max Weber was a German economist and social historian, known for his systematic approach to world history and the development of western civilization. Weber defined sociology or Verstehen as the science which aims at interpretive understanding (27). Verstehen can be achieved only by discovering the subjective meanings that individuals give to their own behavior and to the behavior of others (27). Another simple definition is what is going on in the world.

Weber thought that to understand social interactions that you must understand the subjective meaning of the individual and their impact on others behaviors. Webers theory is a debate against Marx's views. Max Weber felt that culture was the major impact on social structure. Weber found that in his culture, the demand for finding rational efficiency was out ruling personal feelings.

This is true today because sometimes you have to go with what has been taught as right rather than what you want. Challenge by the Marxist theory of economic determination, Weber combined his interest in economics with sociology in an attempt to establish, through historical study, that historical causation was not influenced merely by economic consideration. In one of his best-known works, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, he tried to prove that ethical and religious ideas were strong influences and the development of capitalism. He expanded on this theme in the Religious of the East series, in which he postulated the prevailing religious and philosophical ideas in the Eastern world prevented development of capitalism in ancient societies, despite the presence of favorable economic factors. Emile Durkheim (1858 - 1917) was a French social theorist's, who was one of the pioneers in the development of modern sociology.

Durkheim was a founder of sociology as an academic discipline. Durkheim was a professor of social science at the Sorbonne. He helped to develop interest in the idea of social thought. Durkheim dedicated his research to the search for harmonious order. He felt that society was held together by the common bonds of its members.

It is also held together by shared beliefs, or what Durkheim called a collective consciousness (25). Durkheim believed there were two different kinds of social unity: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical was based on a moral consensus among people who have social similarities. Organic is based on mutual dependence among people with different backgrounds and beliefs. Durkheim studied moral values to a great religion. The functional relationships between religion and morality still influence sociology.

He stated that they most decide whether there is a correspondence between fact and the general needs of a social organism. Durkheim believed that scientific methods should be applied to the study of society. He proposed that groups had characteristics or behaviors. He was also concerned with the basis of social stability- the common values shared by a society, such as morality and religion. In his views, these values lead to a loss of social stability and to individual feelings of anxiety and dissatisfaction.

He explained suicide as a result of an individuals lack of integration in society. Durkheim discussed the correlation in Suicide: A study in Sociology. In his studies and writings he made use of anthropological material, especially those dealing with aboriginal societies, to support this theories. These three men agree that society and your surroundings play an intricate role in the individual self. The largest difference is between logic, morality, and control.

All three of these issues have an impact on an individual but usually the issues effect a person one at a time. Sociologists aim at getting the facts to study and understand society. The first step that takes place is to carefully define the question. Once the question is defined the focus is turned to the correlation between a variable...


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Research essay sample on 20 Th Century Max Weber

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