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... f 1807 Napoleon captured the country Portugal. A year later Napoleon made his brother, Joseph King of Spain, prize Naples to his brother-in-law, which was named Joachim Murat. When Joseph arrived in Spain and when Napoleon did, it touched off a rebellion. This rebellion became known as the Peninsular War.
Napoleon appeared later on the war and scored victories, but after Bonaparte departure from the war the fight continued for five years, with the British backing Spanish armies and guerrillas. The Peninsular War cost the French 300, 000 of casualties and untold sums of money and also had to contribute to the eventual weakening to and of the Napoleonic Empire. At about 1809 Napoleon defeated the Austrians at Wagram, and annexed the Illyrian Provinces which is no part of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Napoleon also abolished the Papal States. In the year of 1810 Napoleon divorced himself from Josephine and later married the Habsburg archduchess Marie Louise which was the daughter of the Austrian emperor. By marrying Marie, Napoleon united his dynasty with the oldest ruling house in Europe.
Napoleon hoped that his son who was born in the year 1811 would be more accepted by the established monarchs. A year earlier the empire reached its widest extension with the annexation of Bremen, Lubeck, and many other parts of northern Germany. All those together with the entire kingdom of Holland, following the forced abdication of Louis Bonaparte. In all the new kingdoms that were created by the emperor Napoleon, the code Napoleon was established as a law. Serfdom and feudalism were abolished and freedom or religion was also established except in Spain. Each of the states were granted a constitution which provided for the universal male suffrage and a parliament which contained the bill of rights.
A French-style administrative and judicial system were also required. The schools were put under centralized administration and free public schools were envisioned. The higher education was opened to all who qualified for it regardless of their class or religion. Every state had an academy or an institute for the promote of the arts and sciences. Incomes were provided for the eminent scholars and especially scientists.
The Constitutional government remained only a promise but the progress and increased efficiency were widely realized. Not until after Napoleons fall did the common people of Europe, by the alienated from Napoleons government by war taxes and his military contribution, he fully appreciated the benefits that they had given them. The Napoleonic wars were a series of wars fought between the country France and a number of other European nations from the year of 1799 to 1815. In the year 1799 France came under the domination of Napoleon Bonaparte who later became the emperor of France in the year of 1804. The Napoleon wars were a constitution of the wars of the French Revolution, that in which the Habsburgs and another dynastic rulers of Europe combined in an effort to overthrow the revolutionary government of France and to restore the rule of the French monarchy. In 1812 Napoleon who aligned with Alexander I had no longer existed by that invasion of Russia that ended in a disastrous repute of Moscow.
All of Europe united against Napoleon and even with that he still fought in the war and fought brilliantly even thought the odds were outrageous. In April of 1814, Napoleon marshals refused to continue the struggle. After the allies had rejected Napoleon stepping down in favor of his son. Napoleon abdicated unconditionally and was exiled to the Mediterranean island of Elba. Napoleon wife, Marie Louise and his son were put in the custody of Maries father, which was the emperor of Austria. After they left, Napoleon never saw them again.
He soon then made a dramatic come back. In March of the year of 1815, Napoleon escaped from Elba, got to France, marched himself on to Paris, and winning to the troops that were sent to capture him. In Paris, Napoleon promulgated a new and a more democratic constitution, and the veterans of his old campaigns flocked to his and for his support. Napoleon asked peace from his allies, but the allies rejected him, after that happened Napoleon decided to strike first.
The result of all this was a campaign strain into Belgium and it ended in a defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815. In Paris crowds begged Napoleon to fight on, but the politicians lowered and vanished the crowds support. When that had happened, Napoleon had fled to Rochefor in where he surrendered to the campaign of the British battleship which was called Bellerophon. Napoleon Bonaparte was then exiled to Saint Helena which was a remote island in the south Atlantic Ocean, where he remained until he died from stomach cancer on May 5, 1821. The cult of Napoleon as the man of destiny began during his lifetime. As a matter of fact, he began to cultivate it during his first Italian campaign by publicizing his victories.
As a first counsel and emperor, he engaged the best writers and artist of the French and Europe to glorify his deeds and had contributed to the cult himself by the elaborate ceremonies with which Napoleon celebrated his rule, picturing himself as the architect of Frances greatest glory. Napoleon maintained that he had preserved the achievements of the Revolution in France and offered all their benefits to Europe. Napoleons goal was to found a European state, federation of free people. The truth of his is that he became the arch-hero of the French and a martyr to the world. In the year of 1840 Napoleons remains were to be returned to Paris at the request of King Louis-Philippe and interred with great pomp and ceremony in the Invalids, where they still lie. Napoleons influence was evident in France even till today.
People who remember Napoleon dot Paris. The most obvious being the Arc de Triomphe, the center piece of the city, which was built to commemorate his victories. Napoleons spirit pervades the constitution of the Fifth Republic. The counties basic law is still the Code Napoleon, and the administrative and the judicial system are essentially Napoleonic. A uniform state-regulated system of an education that persists. Napoleons radical reforms in all parts in Europe cultivating the ground for the Revolution in the 19 th century.
In these days, the impact of the Code Napoleon is apparent in the law of the European countries. Bibliography:
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