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... to the houses) would be about $ 6500 -$ 9000 for a half an acre property, and $ 5000 -$ 7500 for one quarter of an acre. This is just an estimate according to Tom Kelley, (see bibliography). Our second proposal involves desalinization. Desalinization is the process of making salt water into good drinking water. Renewing U.
S. leadership on desalinization technology will yield untold benefits, a quote from Paul Simeon says that we are running out of water, but look, 80 % of the world is covered with water, and we should be able to use it like fresh water. That is exactly what a desalinization plant does. It allows the human race to use salt water by treating it, and extracting the salt from it, and using it for drinking, showers, and other freshwater purposes.
Some say that desalinization wastes money and is not as cost effective as other solutions. When the United States was trying to research it, it was not cost effective at the time and was a waste of money when not necessary. Only Florida and Saudi Arabia (that I am aware of) uses desalinization plants. One of the main reasons for this is because Saudi Arabia is a very wealthy country. They also do not have clean water mostly because of dryness, but also because of Saddam Hussein using oil pollution as a weapon of war.
The United States started researching it in the 1970 s but soon lost interest on the subject because of the great oil crisis. It is becoming more popular though because it uses less energy per unit of water treated, which equals less money. Four decades ago, desalinization took twenty-five energy units to produce one unit of drinking water. Using modern technology and techniques one hundred water units can be made from one unit of energy.
As you can see, it can be feasible because of new technology. The costs of this depend on many things and could be savior for L. A. The average cost is $ 6 per 1000 gallons of water a day that is pretty much delivered to your door (or bathroom).
An average house uses 1000 gallons of water per day with a cost of $ 6 per day for desalinized water. The advantage of this compared to gray water (sewage water) is that it is potable (drinkable) and it can be put into the main drinking pipe, and a new pipe does not have to be built. The interesting part about this is by the time L. A. transports water out of Central Valley (including the building of new pipes and channels) it would cost about the same to put desalination project into L. A. , interesting.
Our third proposal involves the Central Valley conserving more water. In this paragraph we are talking about crops other than high water consuming crops such as rice, the fourth largest water consuming crop. Rice needs to be grown in virtually a manmade lake becasue of how much water it takes up and how it is grown. Now what some farmers still do is called flood irrigation.
This is a total waste of water because it allows the crops to be sitting in at least an inch of water. The earth the crops are growing in absorbs some of this water, but the rest of the water is evaporated or taken off and is called tail water. Some would say that the water that is tail water that is not evaporated or soaked up by the ground could be re-used for other agricultural purposes. This is not accurate because of the chemicals that are used in fertilization.
These chemicals are mixed in with the water and this causes the tail water that is washed away from the fields to be poisonous for other agricultural purposes and not reusable. Therefore, instead of farmers irrigating their fields by flood irrigation, let us irrigate the farms with overhead or sprinkler irrigation. Using this system, we can monitor the amount of water that is used to water the plants and conserve that water for other uses besides irrigation like drinking water. The cost of this depends on how big your farm is. A typical 160 -acre farm takes $ 60, 000 to put a sprinkler system in this farm. This increases the water efficiency (from flood irrigation) from 60 % to 75 % (meaning in flood irrigation, 60 % of the water put on the crops soaks in, and in sprinkler, 75 % of the water is used by the plants).
Therefore, if farmers used flood irrigation on this farm, you would use 700 acre-feet to irrigate it, and if you used sprinkler, you would only have to use 595 acre-feet of water it (an acre-foot is how much water is in one acre of land one foot deep). Our fourth proposal involves L. A. conserving water. Instead of having, big lawns with a lot of plants and flowers that take up a lot of water, L. A.
should have desert landscaping to conserve water that can be used elsewhere. In that desert landscaping have causes, rocks, and plants that are adapted to the desert environment. The typical cost of a half an acre front yard would be between twenty and thirty thousand dollars. Now this cost would include a rock garden, fine dirt, and two different types of causes. This might seem more expensive, but in the end the zero landscaping pays for itself, because you do not have extensive water bills and saves money. L.
A. is a desert. Dont you remember that it was a little settlement that looked like New Mexico? Since Los Angeles was a desert (once) and, lawns in that area would need more water than in a wetter area like Florida anyway. Lawns take up so much water for irrigation, that it is a waste of water that can especially be used for drinking and other purposes. Using this desert landscaping, less water can be wasted and you can still have a decent looking yard with the rocks, dirt, and causes and have a more natural looking landscape to that specific area anyway.
As you can see, the Central Valley is a very important place not only for California, but also for the United States and the world. We provide California with one third of their yearly income just by growing crops. We think that L. A. should think things through before they even think about taking water from us.
L. A. needs to conserve water before they can go looking for more. Thank you SRS Supreme Court for reviewing our case. Bibliography: Bibliography The Thirsty Land-By Robert de Roos, Published by Stanford University Press The Great Thirst-By Norris Hundley JR. , Published by University of California Press Water and Arid Lands of the Western United States-By Mohamed T.
El-Angry and Diana C. Gibbons Cadillac Desert-Movie series and Book by Marc Register Published by, Penguin Books Encarta 2000 -CD Rom Western Water Made Simple-By the editors of High Country News' Published by Island Press Cbo-Water Use Conflicts in the West Implications of Reforming of Reclamations Water Supply Politics-By The Congress of the United States, August 1997 The Great Central Valley, California's Heartland-By, Stephen Johnson, Gerald Haslam, and Robert Dawson: Published by The University of California Press The Reno Gazette Journal- By Robert Jason, Article entitled, Seven States Discuss Plan to Curb California's Water Habit The Water Fact book, California Agriculture and Its Use of Water- By The California Farm Water Coalition, web Project. html web query 0 = central% 20 valley web 0. HTM web web rep. html web web web web web web web web Tom MaDermitt, Research Analysis College of Agriculture-Interview Mike Nelson, President and CEO of Aqua Designs-Interview Tom Kelly, Engineer with Washoe County Water Resources Utilities Services Division-Interview
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Research essay sample on The Central Valley Agricultural Coalition
