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Example research essay topic: Occupational Safety And Health Building Codes - 1,141 words

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A safe place for all Americans to work in! Few would argue with this concept that congress had in mind when it passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. The law applies equally to the rich and poor, the radicals, the liberals, and the conservatives; it is for people of all races, and it knows no religious boundaries. And yet, in the early years after an enactment of a law which makes it illegal to work in an unsafe place, a general feeling of fear invaded industry. What caused this fear? There were three major areas of concern.

Those large corporations that, for years, had staff members concerned with safety and health problems were now faced with a situation where their compliance to previously voluntary health and safety standards would now be a matter of law. These firms were best equipped to deal with this new situation because, in many cases, it simply meant the investment of money (often hundreds of thousands of dollars) in order to achieve compliance. Not only were their firms reasonably well equipped to deal with this situation, but they also recognized that the cost of any necessary upgrading could be passed on to the consumer. The second group contested by fear consisted of small businessmen who had been getting by all these many years with either marginal or unsafe working conditions. They recognized this situation and were truly concerned that the cost of upgrading their facilities would be so immense that they might no longer be able to compete and might have to go out of business. This fear made them more determined than ever that ignorance is bliss, and that the less they knew about these new requirements, the happier they would be and the longer they could remain in business. (Vincoli 1997) In the end though, these small businessmen may turn out to be the real losers.

Not only may they be cited for safety violations, but by not being familiar with the law they may not even recognize that a provision exists in the act whereby Small Business Administration can make loans (with maximum repayment term of 30 years) to help them upgrade their facilities. By far, the largest group that was beset by fear was the so-called average businessmen in every part of the country. Through reading their newspaper, or perhaps the journal of their trade association, they recognized that they were required to provide safe and healthy working conditions for their employees. They may even have heard that for every violation cited against them they might have to pay a penalty ranging up to $ 1, 000 per day for each violation while it remained unabated. To this latter group belonged those architects and engineers charged by law to design those buildings that would become places of employment. Building designers had an everyday exposure to zoning laws and building codes and thus had a general awareness and concern with safety and health.

The last consideration had never before had the force of a federal law behind it. Historically, building codes had concerned themselves with the safety of buildings (they should not collapse) and the protection of property. Architects were trained to prevent or minimize unusual things from happening to their buildings. With the passage of OSHA, building designers were now faced with a new responsibility and a significant potential new liability.

They now had to concern themselves with the usual things that occur in the buildings they design. It now became possible that responsibility for a work accident could be placed at the doorstep of the architect if his design failed to comply with OSHA requirements because the owner had been reasonably assured that his architect would design the building to comply with appropriate laws, including OSHA. The initial fear of the architects and engineers of this potential new liability can, therefore, be easily understood. The larger design firms were able to come to the grips of problems most easily. They designated a member of their staff to investigate and collect data on OSHA requirements and to keep others in the firm advised on them. Most architects and engineers had neither the resources to devote to this new field nor the knowledge of how to obtain the appropriate new information.

Those that did pursue the matter found that there was considerable material, printed both by government and by private sources, but it was scattered in terms of its availability and, when they did manage to obtain the data, they were not sufficiently concise for the use by building designers. It should be clearly understood that the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 applies to all places where people work. It affects more than 57 million workers in some 4. 1 million work places across the United States. (Vincoli 1997) Commonplace thinking has led us to believe that occupational hazards occur mainly in factories or other similar industrial buildings. Whereas there may be some truth in this conception, OSHA applies to all places where people work. Office buildings, shopping centers, schools, shipyards, and undertaking establishments, among others, all places where people do work.

The Act covers only workers, OSHA does not concern itself with the majority of the people who use these buildings, the shoppers, but only people who may be employed their. An example of this situation concerns several apartment houses that were built in the air rights of a major highway in New York City not long ago. Readings of the quality of air at the building face over the roadway revealed that these buildings were subject to a much higher carbon monoxide intake from the street below than were other buildings which were located at or near the side of the road. OSHA would not concern itself with the thousands of tenants living in this apartment house, but would be concerned with the elevator operators and custodial employees in this building. The William-Singer Act, known as OSHA was designed by the president on December 29, 1970, and became effective on April 28, 971. The act covers every employer in a business affecting commerce that has one or more employees 1.

The secretary of labor was charged with establishing detailed standards and appropriate enforcement. 2. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, under the Secretary of Health, Education, Welfare, was established. Its principle is to provide research in the field of occupational health. 3. The Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission was established as an Independent Quasi-judicial body to pass upon the appropriateness of the citations and proposed penalties. 4.

Provisions were included whereby states were encouraged to assume full responsibility for their own occupational safety health laws, thus removing it from federal enforcement. Architects and engineers, as well as building operators, will be most concerned with the safety and health standards issued by the se...


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Research essay sample on Occupational Safety And Health Building Codes

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