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... be decidedly concluded from this study is that ethnicity is a decided factor in evaluating those who are prepared to undertake group treatment. As indicated, there is no paucity of research in the area regarding anti-social behavior and group conflicts. One study identified 196 homeless and 194 housed, poor families in Los Angeles, CA in order to gain an understanding of events that precipitate anti-social behavior. This anti-social behavior was connected to homelessness in this particular study, in that both homeless and housed poor mothers averaged 23 years old and were accompanied by 2 - 3 children. 3 / 4 of both the homeless and housed families had income below the poverty level and both groups expended almost 2 / 3 of their income on housing. Mothers in homeless families more frequently reported spousal abuse, child abuse, drug use or mental health problems vs.
weaker support networks. Burdens of increasing housing costs and family dysfunctions amongst housed, poor families place many at risk for homelessness (Wood, et al, 1992). This study, again, underscores a relationship amongst the socio-economically disadvantages as well as those who are in need of therapy (i. e. group, etc. ). As seen, there exists a number of imperatives which relate group conflicts and anti-social behavior.
Robert Bayer quoted from William McNeal's Plagues and Peoples, whose unsettling thesis is that humanity's vulnerability to infectious disease will surely remain as it has been hitherto, one of the fundamental parameters and determinants of human history. " By placing his argument within this broad, ecological context Bayer reminds us that both individual and collective freedom is always conditioned in chosen ways (Sullivan, 1992). The author goes on to underscore the connection between both public and private consciousness and behavior patterns. There exists moral complexities which may or may not be advanced by screening programs and public health facilities as evidenced within specific groups. Ultimately, it is the view of this author that group conflicts which are identified as anti-social behavior emanate from these multivariate's.
In the view of this author, there exists some universal parameters which connect most people. For example, a sense of personal security is important amongst most people. An excellent question that was posed to me not by someone who has a progressive anti-social disability, but by the wife of a young man so afflicted. Anti-social behavior is sometimes harder on the person's family than on the individual.
So, what about progressive anti-social behavior. It has its ups and downs, the remissions and relapses, good days and lousy ones, but how does one deal with this recurring pattern. The woman with whom I spoke stated, "I seem to have this driving need to socialize. " More than any other culture, we Americans have the ability to determine our own destinies, chart our own courses and plan ahead, and we are accustomed to a certain amount of stability. So, when life's only certainty confronts us, we sometimes don't do well (Slater, 1992).
The individual afflicted with anti-social behavior is consistently confronted with his / her own sense of self in light of group, community and society. To a large extent, the input which he / she receives is determined by this. As Tom Cooley, the notable sociologist stated in his looking glass theory, "The image or perception we have of ourselves is determined by the way society regards us. " At this point, this author should like to identify some similar imperatives, if not "universals, " associated with the dilemma as exhibited by our understanding of anti-social behavior. Much insight can be derived from case studies both individual as well as collective.
At the outset of this paper, this author had identified a case study which involved elderly people. Another case study which was researched at the Univ. of Wisconsin found that close relationships within nursing homes often endure for long periods of time. Furthermore, the results indicate that a close friend either a staff person or fellow patient enhances individual residents' participation in nursing home activities, satisfaction with the nursing home, and overall satisfaction with life. Researchers interviewed 332 intellectually alert residents in 54 nursing homes, and found that 58 % of the subjects felt close to someone outside the home.
Women of relatively high mental ability who could still walk and hear were most likely to form stable one-on-one relationships, although 90 % of the subjects had a close relationship with someone outside the home. Only friends within the facility significantly aided adjustment to life in a residential care setting (Brown Univ. , 1992). One significant aspect of this study has to do with attitude. This attitude, I believe spills over into not only the way one perceives one's self, but in the way individuals treat others. It was found that individuals who maintained ongoing relationships made friends and provided extra opportunities for those who were particularly needy more needy than themselves.
In the past few decades, society's norms for gender-appropriate behavior have changed. The emergence of feminism in the 1960 's, in part, prompted mental health professionals to reexamine their use of gender stereotypes that had an adverse effect upon their female patients (Kaplan, et al, 1992). What this experimental study underscored was that there existed gender differences in terms of not only attitudes but the ability to function within a group setting. It was found that there exists specific feminine traits which make some better candidates than others for group behavior. These differences are gender-based, and similarly must be considered by the group leader or researcher when assessing the participant. It is the belief of this author that a number of factors may be concluded from the research.
Anti-social behavior and the inability for individuals within a group to coordinate as well as those who are completely disposed against group-style therapy may be identified in terms of socioeconomic, socio-demographic and psychological makeup. Similarly, there are possible gender and cultural factors, as this author has identified throughout the literature. It is similarly the opinion of this author that that group of unknowns and it is the view of this author that some percentage of the homeless represent those may never be fully understood because they are not available long enough to be studied. Ultimately, it may be that there exists an unknown factor that will remain unknown until at which time the full extent of anti-social behavior can be assessed. It is clear to this author that far more research needs to be done on this subject Bibliography: ReferencesBriones, David F. , Peter L. Heller, Paul H.
Chalfent, Alden E. Roberts, Salvador F. Aguirre-Hauchbaun and Walter F. Farr, Jr. "Socioeconomic status, ethnicity, psychological distress, and readiness to utilize a mental health facility, " American Journal of Psychiatry. Oct. , 1992, Vol. 147, p. 1333... "Friendship fosters adjustment (nursing homes), " Brown University Long-Term Care Letter. July 9, 1992, Vol. 2, p. 8... "Group process effective in decreasing verbal outbursts, " Brown University Long-Term Care Letter, Dec. 23, 1992, Vol. 2, p. 5.
Kaplan, Marsha J. , Caroline Wingett and Noel Free. "Psychiatrists' beliefs about gender appropriate behavior, " American Journal of Psychiatry, July 1992, Vol. 147, p. 910. Slater, W. "In search of security, " Independent Living. Aug- Sept. , 1992, Vol. 5, p. 76. Sullivan, William M. "Private Acts: Social Consequences, " The Hastings Center Report, Sept-Oct, 1992, Vol. 20, p. 45.
Taken, Douglas L. , Warren Clark, Mary Chernesky and Elizabeth Quirk. "Weekly food servings and participation in social programs among low-income families, " The American Journal of Public Health, Nov. 1992, Vol. 80, p. 1376. Wood, David, Burciaga R. Valdez, Toshi Hayashi and Albert Shen. "Homeless and Housed Families in Los Angeles: A study comparing demographic, economic and family function characteristics, " American Journal of Public Health, Sept. 1992, Vol. 80, p. 1049.
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Research essay sample on Anti Social Behavior Long Term Care
