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... is told them they had to rounder up for recent lament. One firing-squad commander later described how Nazi treated Jews during these round-ups: They requested Jews to hand over their valuables to the leaders of the unit and shortly before the execution to surrender their outer clothing. The men, women, and children were led to a place of execution which in most cases found located next to a more deeply excavated... ditch. There they got shot, kneeling or standing, and the corpses thrown into a ditch.
During these massacres, the victims became usually machine gunned to death (Merkl 203 - 6). They got Killed either inside the huge pits or along the edges. Some though got buried alive. Some executions lasted for hours, other Einsatzgruppen Killen victims inside special vans that functioned as moving gas chambers. People were locked inside and gas fumes piped in, causing death by a faithful process of suffocation. As spread about these vans, Jews began to hide when they spotted on the road.
The cruelty and sadism of the execution tactics now reached oven more severe levels. An eyewitness later described the barbarism he witnessed in a region of the Soviet Union. There, Jews got shot in trenches and sprayed with powdered lime, a caustic substance that burns flesh and causes bodies to decay. Row upon row of human beings got forced topic on to of the dead so that they, too, could be shot. Childrens heads got beaten against stones. Many were still got buried alive (Michel 98 - 100).
Crimes against persons can got grouped into five broad categories: (1) slave labor, (2) abuse of prisoners of war, (3) torture and execution of hostages, (4) cruel and unusual medical experiments, and (5) organized atrocities. Once the possibility of a protracted contact had become reality, the Nazi leadership decided to wage an economic war as brutal as the military one they had been fighting (Neumann 93). The use of future in the Interrogations had almost a general rule the tortures usually applied beating, whipping, chaining Nazi for several days without a moment of rest for nourishment or hygienic care, immersion in ice water, drawing in a bath tub, charging the bath weather with electricity, electrification of the most sensitive parts of the body, burns at certain places on the body and the pulling out of fingernails (Schoenberner 142). It took at least thirty minutes to extract the mass of bodies, which got glued together like pillars of basalt, still erect, not having any space to fall; legs were covered with faces and menstrual blood. An other special crew, the tooth commands, sprang into action and extracted the fillings from the victims. Such valuables got collected by Oil Globocnik, one of the chief agents of Action Reinhard, as the gassings of the Jews now got called after the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich; Globocnik was responsible for rounding up the loot (money, gold, diamond, watches, and so on) and sending it to the Deutsche Reichsbank (German Reichsbank).
For purposes of identification, prisoners at all vamps had to display makings of diffrent colors on their uniforms, consisting of a serial number and a colored triangle. Prisoners were awakened at dawn and had to report to roll call, which might last for hours. They were then arisen of of work by Nazis with constant screams, insults, and harassment. Most was petty manual labor in quarries or brickyards, but at some of the larger camps like Auschwitz prisoners worked in a cement plan, a cole mine, a steel factory, a shoe factory, and in the I. G. Farben plant that produced synthetic rubber (Fest 231 - 3).
At all the camps, were inadequate and the food was bad; in the death camps, where the object was to work people to death, the apply food allowance, usually given to prisoners after they returned from work, included a watered-down soup and a little bread, augmented by a little extra allowance of margarine, a slice of bad sausage, a piece of cheese, or a bit of honey of watery jam the Survival depended on the black Market and on sheer ingenuity (Michel 190 - 2). A Nazi agent was sent to spy on the peoples thoughts and behavior. Everyone in Germany-child youth, or adult-was touched somehow by the vast party network. Nazi propaganda, which had unrelentingly anti-Semitic, prepared they for dividing the Jews from the rest of the population. With his party in power, Minister of propaganda Goebbels had the means to barrage the public daily with complaints and threats against the Jews.
The next step was open terror. For a whole week in March 1933, Jude verrucae! . Rang through the streets while storm troopers beat, robbed, and murdered Jews at will. The police, on orders, study by and watched. At railway station, SA bodies met each train, shouting in cadence, To hell with the Jews! Nazi thugs stormed into hospitals and courts, ousting Jews doctors, lawyers, and judges.
Then, on April 1, the Nazis sprang the first official governmental act against the Jews-a boycott. SS and SA men picketed Jewish stores, factories, and shops-keeping people from entering. Across shop windows was smeared the word Jude. The Nazis intent was to cut off Jewish enterprises from their customers and suppliers, and thy's face the owners to transfer their businesses-cheaply to non-Jews (Allen 163 - 184). The Nazi leaders took advantage of the events to get rid of their rivals, the military leaders, once and for all. The Nazis first of all had the delight of seeing the military tear oct other into pieces (Neuman 341).
Nazi leaders took over command ofthe armies. Himmler was pat in charge of the Home Army; at last the Nazis were going to be able to transform the aristocratic wehrmacht into a peoples army, inspired the pure spirit of Nazism. The first measure concerned potential deserters: theis families would best; an y soldier absent without leave would be executed. But even here it might be argued that these were the consequences of war and difficult to avoid.
But in addition, the war allowed the Nazis to apply a system of coercion with complete impunity, a system built up on ther dreams of power and the logical consequences of their racialist doctrines of violence and inhumanity. Concentration camps were the old people, children, pregnant women, and mental ill people. Before being sent to gas chambers, the Jews had been covered with scorn, stripped off ther possessions and outlawed from Hitlers Germany because they represented the counter myth to the triumphs of Nazism (Fischer 173 - 179). The Germans estimated that about 11 million Jews now remained under their control.
Million of these Jews lived in big cities, where the Killing squads could not operate in secreted. Top Nazi afficials now pondered more efficient, impersonal, and less costly methods of killing. The use of poison gas was discussed more and more frequently. Auschwitz commandant Rudolf Hss later say that, in the summer of 1941, Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, told him that Hitler had decided to use the labor camp at Auschwitz as the site for the mass destruction of European Jews. Hitler, he said, had given an order for a final solution of the Jewish question; Hss was assigned to work out the details. To test new methods of killing gas, the Nazis constructed a special building at the camp in chino.
Several hunter Jews from small towns in that region were secretly killed there. That same summer, at Auschwitz-Birkenau the Nazis tested pellets of cycle gas called Zyklon B, used to kill rats. The victims of this experiment were approximately 250 hospital patients and 600 soviet prisoners of war. The Nazis now began turning several concentration camps into outright death camps (Dallin 89 - 94). There are forces at work in the wald which eat off human responce. They make it possible for people to commit terrible crimes without knowing or feeling they are doing wrong.
The machine destroying inhuman object, the Jews. They were doing their date, it was said. They were the product of a totalitarian state. The shame and horror of our century have to do with the conduct of the European powers, the Gentile world.
Even if not one Jew had resisted, there would be no justification either to condemn the victims or to desert attention from the crimes of the murderers. The central issue must not be forgotten. It is a moral issue, the issue of what the world has done and permitted to be done. To insist upon making the world uncomfortable with the memory of its guilt is a necessity for that moral reconstruction which may alone prevent a repetition of the cruel horrors of the Nazis.
Allen, william Sheridan, The Nazi; Secure of power: The Experience of a Single German Town, 1930 - 1935. New York: Franklin watts, Inc. , 1961. Dallin, Alexander, German Rule in Russia 1941 - 1945: a study of occupation policies. New York St.
Fest, Joachim C. Hitler New York, NY Houghton Mifflin co. , 1974. Fischer, klaus P. Nazi Germany: A New History, New York, New York, The Continue Publishing Hermann's, William. The Holocaust: From a Survivor of Verdun, New York, NY, Harper and Row Merkl, Peter H. , Political Violence Under the Swastika.
Princeton: Michel, Henri. The Second World War New York, NY, Praeger Publishers, Inc. , 1975. Neumann, Franz, Beneath: the structure and practice of national socialism. New York: Harper and Schoenbaum, David, Hitlers Social Revolution: class and status in Nazi Germany, 1933 - 1939. New York: Doubleday and co. , Inc. , 1967. Schoenberner, Gerhard, The Yellow Star: The Persecution of the Jews in Europe, 1933 - 1945.
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