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Example research essay topic: Soviet Union Soviet Premier - 938 words

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Reagan's Change toward D? tente When Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980, he held a firm belief that d? tente should be abandoned and the problems of Communism be faced head on by his foreign policy. By the end of his second term as president, Reagan and his term in office would be remembered for furthering d? tente and influencing the peaceful collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the Soviet Union in 1991. Reagan's diplomatic strategy ultimately led to this end, but it was not inevitable.

Tensions as they were throughout the Eighties could, at any time, prove too completely disrupt the groundwork for the fall of the Soviet Union. Reagan was not known for his academic ability or historical knowledge. Kissinger himself has been quoted doubting Reagan's ability. Nevertheless, this man, of admitted limited intellectual abilities when it came to the nuance of history would come to form a foreign policy of extraordinary consistency and relevance. Reagan possessed a few core ideas, which enabled him to move through the diplomatic arena skillfully. In the American system, the foreign policy emerges from presidential pronouncements.

In his speeches, Reagan put forward a doctrine of great coherence and considerable intellectual power (Kissinger 765). Although Reagan lacked a historical knowledge, he was a very intelligent president. A prime example of his intellect came in 1973, while serving as governor of California, he had suggested to Kissinger in the National Security briefing sessions that the United States should give Israeli troops the number of planes the Arabs said they shot down. This tactic would both fulfill a promise made by the United States and exact punishment on the Arabs using their own propaganda against itself (Kissinger 766). Reagan was a president who had significant creative power and a plan set in mind that he would carry out to fruition. Reagan's policies can be compared to Wilsons policies in the first part of the Twentieth century.

Both men understood what drove Americans to action and both men relied on their personal morals to direct their paths. Reagan, like Wilson before him, understood that the United States would find its ultimate inspiration in historical ideals, not in geopolitical analysis (Kissinger 767). Reagan also believed that Americans had the moral obligation to spread democracy, again very similar to Wilson and his spread of national self-determination. Reagan believed that Eat-West relations would improve if he could make the Soviet Union share his fear of a nuclear doomsday. Surprisingly Reagan's rhetoric did not stop negotiations. By his second term, Reagan had opened an East-West dialogue of a scope and intensity not seen since the era of d?

tente under Nixon (Kissinger 769). This time however, Reagan had the public support that Nixon had so desperately needed and wanted. Reagan framed the ideological conflict as a battle between good and evil, even sinking so low as to call the Soviet Union the Evil Empire. In spite of his framing device Reagan realized that the battle could not be fought to the end but rather, that it must end through Soviet enlightenment about the American system and democracy (Kissinger 769). From this point on, Reagan's goal was to have a Soviet premier visit the United States so that Reagan could display the positives of democracy and break the Soviet Union from the core. After communication with Brezhnev and his successors, Reagan finally got his wish for a Soviet premier to visit the United States in Mikhail Gorbachev.

Reagan believed that suspicion of the United States was ingrained in the Soviet system and history. He was right in this belief. It had been part of the United States foreign policy in dealing with the Soviet Union since Truman (Kissinger 770). Since Reagan did not believe irreconcilable differences existed his plan remained strictly American utopian (Kissinger 771). Reagan was the first post-war president to take the offensive both ideologically and geo strategically. From the time of Reagan's inauguration, his administration pursued two objectives simultaneously.

The first was to combat Soviet geopolitical pressure until expansion had been stopped and then reversed and to launch a rearmament program designed to stop the Soviet quest for strategic superiority and turn it into a strategic liability (Kissinger 772). Reagan moved away from containment and headed right for shrinking the Soviet Union, which due to its over extension into foreign affairs had left it vulnerable. Most of the Soviet gains of the 1970 s were reversed though several did not take place until the Bush administration. The Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia was ended in 1990, elections were held in 1993, and refugees prepared to return home. Cuban troops withdrew from Angola by 1991. The communist backed government in Ethiopia collapsed in 1991.

In 1990, the Sandanistas in Nicaragua were brought to accept free elections, a risk no communist government had ever taken before. Perhaps most importantly Soviet armies withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989. All of these helped to break the Soviet Union. Reagan had successfully pushed back the Red Tide (Kissinger 773 - 774). The Reagan administration achieved these successes by putting into practice what became known as the Reagan Doctrine: that the United States would help anticommunist counterinsurgencies wrest their respective countries out of the Soviet sphere of influence. Reagan's strategic policies helped bring an end to the Cold War.

The two most decisive of these decisions were Nato's deployment of American intermediate-range missiles in Europe and American commitment to the Strategic Defense Initiative (Kissinger 774). By sticking to his main points Reagan was able to put and end to the Cold War and crumble the Soviet Union Bibliography Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy. 1998


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Research essay sample on Soviet Union Soviet Premier

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