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Example research essay topic: Sacco And Vanzetti Morelli Gang Men - 1,258 words

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... as a large anarchist leader, Galleani, was deported. Fellow anarchists held demonstrations in his honor, setting off bombs in heavily populated areas, Sacco and Vanzetti were later linked to these bombings. (Avrich, 133) The Anarchists that were caught, were immediately departed, often without trial. One such anarchist brother who died around this time was a Mr. Salsedo who had a family, a wife and three children.

Salsedo was very important in revolutionizing anarchy and anarchist organizations. Both Sacco and Vanzetti were close to the family and had written a letter to others in their organization to raise money for the family. On their way to deliver the letter they were stopped by the police and at 9: 40 PM, 5 May 1920, Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested for the murder of a paymaster and a guard at a shoe factory. (Court TV) Now is when things get complicated. The police really had no concrete evidence that would convict either man.

Witnesses saw three men, only in the shadows, saying one was only 52, which neither Sacco, nor Vanzetti fit. Also, both men had alibis on the night in question, 24 December 1919. The only incriminating evidence was that Sacco had a Colt. 32, which matched the gun that was used in the murders, but the Colt. 32 was a very popular weapon at the time and ballistics evidence, which we will go more in-depth in later, was not sufficient enough to match them exactly. Newspapers and the police led the public to believe that they had the right men however, nothing could be farther from the truth, however their innocence was clouded by the mistakes made by the men early on. (Court TV) They lied to the police investigator, Chief Michael E. Steward. They were known to be anarchists by the documentation found by the FBI.

Sacco and Vanzetti, not knowing this, denied their anarchist backgrounds because they believed that would put them under even more harsh scrutiny. Also, they did not immediately hand over their guns. Though there still shouldnt have been enough to convict them, prosecutors presented their case to go to trial and hoped that the animosity toward anarchists would lead to a conviction. (Joughin, 155) Sacco and Vanzetti did however go to trial for the murders of both men. Any other possible witnesses were suspects, (who were local gang members and other members of anarchist organizations), were dismissed and only one credible witness testified saying he saw three shadowed figures of men firing their guns at the victims and taking their money. The witness also indicated Sacco and Vanzetti specifically in the court room, though earlier recordings of his story did not include having a facial visual. With their anarchist background hanging over their heads, prosecutors pushed their beliefs into the laps of the jurors shocking them in a time when "Americanism" as Wilson called it, was very important to American citizen and government officials.

And finally, although the evidence was limited, both Sacco and Vanzetti were found guilty on 14 July 1921 for murder in the first degree; they were sentenced to death. They were finally executed on 23 August 1927. (Aiuto, 160) And so for the last 80 years, the government recorded Sacco and Vanzetti as anarchistic murderers, however just as fast as the guilty verdict came back, theories of their innocence surfaced as well. To begin with, the judge in this case was Judge Webster Thayer, were was very openly anti anarchist. He would sustain objections by the defense, sway the jury by comments he would make, and publicly brag about how he would see that Sacco and Vanzetti would get exactly what was coming to them; is this not bias?

Also, the lead defense attorney, long standing friend of Sacco, Frederick H. Moore was known as a defender of radicals. He was known also to having a personal grudge with the judge before, during and after the trial. Moreover, some of the jurors were personally chosen by sheriff deputies. (Avrich, 196 - 199) The same sheriff deputies who aided the prosecution toward a conviction, is this not bias? The United States is supposed to provide a quick and fair trial for everyone This included Sacco and Vanzetti, and yet- its seems now as though they did not get that. Possibly the most shocking was that no one else was ever convicted, even though the witness saw three figures.

Also, Sacco and Vanzetti never confessed to the crimes even until their dying day. Further suspicions came up when a man in prison spoke out about the Morelli Gang who was infamous around the area for many crimes and many more murders. According to one prisoner, who was never identified, because he feared for his life as he was directly related to the gang said the Morelli gang, " had stolen the payroll, killing two people. They bragged about it.

Everyone knew that the metal boxes which had contained the payroll were thrown into the deepest end of Canada Pond. So I am not at all surprised that (Sacco and Vanzetti) were railroaded." (Joughin/Avrich) Could this be true? Could the Morelli gang be involved in such a crime? This certainly isnt far fetched as this was on their "terf" so to speak, but still, to prove beyond a shadow of doubt, the evidence would have had to been severe, and at the time it was not.

There were also holes everywhere and the main focus, which pinned Sacco's Colt. 32 to the murder weapon could not be proved with ballistics in 1920, the science was not sophisticated enough just yet. (Court TV) The next step was appeals, but the Judge, as expected threw out any appeal saying enough evidence could never be presented to prove the innocence of the two men. Finally in 1926, the governor, made a final decision that the penalty would stick. Some thirty years after both men were put to death ballistics science was sufficient and Sacco's gun was reviewed endlessly it matched exactly to the weapon used to kill the victims, Sacco, not Vanzetti was involved. This meant that any bearing on ballistics that swayed the jury to a conviction, could not be used against Vanzetti, now leaving no real evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he (Vanzetti), was guilty. Yet still, after eighty years since the verdict, not all the questions for the Sacco and Vanzetti trial have not been answered. Some believe the gun was planted and tampered with.

Still others focus on the trial which was given to the men, it was unfair and unjust. One or both of the men were truly not guilty, and it was because they were pioneers in fight the loss of the First Amendment and fleeing to Mexico that sunk them in court. (Avrich, 58) The juror were men that had just seen a terrible war, a world war and anti-government supporters were not on the top of their list of people to give the benefit of the doubt. It was exactly what Sacco and Vanzetti fought in their life of freedom that lead to their life of incarceration and inevitably death, government corruption. Vanzetti wrote on death row, "If we have to die for a crime of which we are innocent, we ask for revenge, revenge in our names and in the names of our living and dead I will try to see Thayer death I will put fire into the human breaths!" Until the day they died, both men proclaimed their innocence. Bibliography:


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