Example research essay topic: Pc Operating Systems U S District - 839 words

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Microsoft Anti-Trust Case In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Since then there has been very few companies that have violated this act. In 1911 it was used it to break J. D. Rockefeller? s Standard Oil trust in to 30 different competing companies.

Then in 1982 AT&# 038; T? s monopoly was broken up in what has been called the biggest anti-trust case to date. Now Microsoft has been charged and found guilty. (? Americas History Of Monopoly-Busting? ) Lack of trust in Microsoft started in 1991 when the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) began its investigations that Microsoft had monopolized the market on PC operating systems.

Their investigation continued until 1993 when the FTC came just two votes short of filing a formal complaint against Microsoft for antitrust violations. At this time the FTC closed its investigations but the Justice Department and European Commission began independent searches. (? Microsoft, DOJ timeline? 1999) In 1994 Microsoft agreed to change their contracts with PC makers and got rid of some restrictions on other software makers thus settling both the Justice Department and European Commissions antitrust investigations. Then in January of 1995, Stanley Sporting, a U. S. district judge, rejects the settlement but in the June the U.

S. Court of Appeals reinstates the settlement. In April of the same year Microsoft was prohibited from buying Intuit because it could drive up software prices and diminish innovation. (? Microsoft, DOJ timeline? 1999) In October of 1995 the Justice Department sues Microsoft for supposedly violating the 1994 agreement by requiring Internet Explorer to be installed on all PC?

s loaded with Windows 95. The European Commission also begins looking into Microsoft? s practices. In the same month, Compaq Computer Corp. , the worlds largest personal PC maker, claimed that Microsoft threatened to terminate Compaq?

s Windows 95 license if they didn? t put Internet Explorer on any computers that they put Windows 95 on. The next month The Justice department charges Microsoft with knowingly integrating their web browser into Windows 95 in a desperate attempt to steal the market from Netscape Communications Corp. (? Microsoft, DOJ timeline? 2000) On December 11 th 1997, Thomas Penfield Jackson, a U. S. District Judge, issues a preliminary injunction forcing Microsoft to stop requiring PC makers to install Internet Explorer on computers.

A month later, Microsoft comes to a partial settlement with the Justice Department. It allowed PC makers to remove or hide its Internet software on new versions of Windows 95. About the same time Netscape announces that they are going to be making their web browser for free. (? Microsoft, DOJ timeline? 2000) Microsoft openly breached the injunction with the release of Window 98 in April of 1998. They integrated their web browser and made a browser icon visible on the desktop. Microsoft also stated that they had no plans to let computer makers hide the browser icon, since that agreement only applied to Windows 95. (?

Microsoft, DOJ timeline? 2000) In October of 1998 the government opens their antitrust suit against Microsoft. In the case the government used internal company documents to disprove Bill Gates? deposition about him not aware of a controversial meeting with Netscape executives in 1995. Netscape Chief Executive, James Barksdale testified that Microsoft has threatened to? destroy Netscape? s business?

unless they let Microsoft dominate the browser market. IBM executive Gary Norris testified that Microsoft threatened to withhold the computer maker? s Windows license because IBM was going to include some rival software in its PCs. On November 5 th, 1999, the judge ruled that Microsoft was holding a monopoly over the PC operating systems market and that the companies actions were harmful to consumers. (?

Microsoft, DOJ timeline? 2000) After the ruling the Government and Microsoft began negotiations. The negotiations continued for four months. When Judge Jackson was about to release his final decision Microsoft made an offer to settle the case with the Government. The Government was unimpressed with Microsoft? s offer and rejected it. (? Microsoft, DOJ timeline? 2000) On April 3 rd, 2000, Judge Jackson Made his final decision.

He ruled Microsoft Corp. violated the nation? s antitrust laws by using its monopoly power in PC operating systems to shutout all other competition. As a result of the decision Microsoft stock plummeted 14. 5 % on the day of the ruling and contained to drop for days after it. (? Microsoft, DOJ timeline? 2000) Judge Jackson has yet to make a decision as to how Microsoft? s monopoly is going to be remedied.

So far there are 20 different ways it could go. It could be as small as imposing large fines on Microsoft and restricting their conduct in the market place or, in the most extreme case, they would break up Microsoft. (? Verdict stings Microsoft) 509 CNNfn. ? Microsoft, DOJ timeline? . web (3 Apr. 2000) web (5 Nov. 1999) CNNfn. ? Verdict stings Microsoft? .

web (3 Apr. 2000) Jackson, Brooks/CNN. ? Americas History Of Monopoly-Busting? . web (15 May 1998)

Research essay sample on Pc Operating Systems U S District