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Example research essay topic: News And World Report Bay Of Pigs - 1,409 words

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... fied during a mission in 1973 in Lebanon. An Israeli combatant had to get himself into Lebanon, which is a bitter nemesis of Israel. Mossad had decided to assassinate three major terrorist leaders in Fatah, a Lebanese based international terrorism organization. Through intelligence gathered earlier Mossad had decided these three men: Abou Yousef, Kamal Away, and Kamal Nasser, because of their undeniable leadership in earlier terrorist attacks on Israeli Citizens. Furthermore, a PLO mine factory, the headquarters of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), an RPG projectile factory, and a petrol reservoir and garage were also targets.

Mossad utilized various businesses as cover for their agents. These agents then entered Lebanon under the cover of these businesses, many banks, and from apartments near the targets gathered intelligence for Mossad. After a few weeks the agents left citing business overseas as their reason to depart so soon. They all went to Europe and then finally to Israel. None knew who the others were and all were focused on their specific operation. Finally, on April 19, 1973, all three of the terrorists were assassinated and the buildings leveled by bombs from within, all because of a few businessmen who came to invest in Lebanon.

The Mossad has accomplished a plethora of missions similar to the one briefly described above. Further, Mossad has nearly perfected the art of clandestine assassinations. Regardless of the prestige which they have amassed over the decades, the Mossad has failed before, as has the CIA innumerable of times. The result of a failed operation an have different consequences. If it is merely a spy that has been captured the punishment could be one of a few.

The spy could be jailed for life, as the double agent from Israel is here in America, Jonathan Pollard. However, the result could reach a more severe level, death. This would be accompanied by torture in order to extract any information the spy has. The consequence for operations that are detected has a parallel severity. The country may be held in contempt by the international community, also, diplomatic ties may be broken. Furthermore, the agency will suffer domestic backlash, probable loss of funding, and the leadership of the agency could be dismantled.

Evidence of this exists in reports on the failed Bay of Pigs operation in 1961. Kennedy was held responsible for the failure of 1, 400 CIA trained troops to overtake Fidel Castro's reign in Cuba. Many historians have labeled this as the Perfect Failure. This debacle could have possibly been avoided if top level CIA officials warned President Kennedy that this could no longer be a viable covert operation. It had expanded beyond the realm of possible secrecy. The operation, although well thought out, had reached the apex for number of people in the operation.

The flak was given to Kennedy and to Richard M. Bissell Jr. , who was the Deputy Director. Bissell was asked to resign from his post in the CIA following the mission. He contends that the operation still could have succeeded even at its size. Just before the invasion Kennedy called off a number of air strikes which would have grounded the Cuban Air force. This he says would have allowed the CIA trained Guerrillas to stand a much higher chance of defeating the Castro army.

Even though he maintains that it could have succeeded there is still a high chance that the attack would have failed despite the called off air strikes. Whatever the reason, this operation scared the CIA and was just the first in a series of ill-conceived, counterproductive, and tragic acts of US aggression. The next doomed assignment by Kennedy was the Operation Mongoose, which was another attempt to overthrow Castro. This prompted the Cuban dictator to accept Russias offer of nuclear weapons for protection.

Further results were the trade embargo that America established, the two planes which Cuba shot down when flying into its airspace, and finally the Cuban Missile Crisis, which Kennedy is heralded for stopping early and peacefully. However, that ordeal could have been avoided much earlier had the CIA not botched the covert Bay of Pigs operation. Israels Mossad has also had it share of missions that were found out too early. A bungled assassination attempt in Jordan against Khaled Meshal, an officer of the well-known terrorist organization Hamas, led to a multitude of counter actions by various nations on the globe. The attempt was made in retaliation to the murder of two Israeli guards at their embassy in Amman, Jordan.

An unidentified gunman who escaped without much information being gathered on him killed them. The Mossad then tried to retaliate by poisoning Meshal. The Jordanian government then caught the two agents that failed in their mission. An international uproar ensued, and a series of diplomatic ties were strained as new evidence came forth. Since the agents were carrying false Canadian passports, Canada recalled its envoy in the diplomatic tumult. President Clinton also criticized Israel and interceded further by obtaining the antidote to the poison.

Another consequences to this was that in order to retrieve the two spies Israel had o give the Arab world back 19 Palestinian prisoners and freed Hamas founder and spiritual leader Sheik Ahmed Yassin. Notwithstanding, the most hurtful result of this assassination which went awry is that it nearly severed diplomatic ties with Jordan, which is Israels most Amiable and friendly neighbor, which isnt much, but better than Syria. Jordans King Hussein was so angered that he demanded the resignation of Mossad chief Danny Yatom. Until this was done, he would cut off all security cooperation with Israel. This would allow for terrorists to enter Israel with half the security the border usually had. A few days later he got his wish after five more Mossad agents were found in Bern, Switzerland trying to eavesdrop on conversations between Islamic militants.

After that fiasco, Yatom was ousted during negotiations between the Swiss and Israel. That would seem to be enough consequences to deter any future assassination attempt by Mossad. If it was not then most likely the retaliation of the Hamas organization was another good reason, a myriad of revenge bomb attacks have torn the country apart. Gerald Westerby put it very simply in terms of assassinations when he declared, misery breeds misery. We killed a Terrorist and two more popped up to fill his place. Then they killed some more of us and so on and onward Sure, it made the masses feel good for a day or two, but were we risking our lives to entertain the masses? .

Therefore, from the foregoing paragraphs, one can see how certain anti-terrorist operations work from first-hand recounts. One also grasps the nature of intelligence, its origins and its grave consequences. The reader may also now have a greater understanding to the various actions of the various intelligence agencies throughout the world. In total, this paper has given an excellent basis and foundation to the reader in the area of anti-terrorism on the international spectrum, including its operations, function, consequence, and history. Bibliography: Works Cited Bourgholtzer, Frank.

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Spy vs. Spy. Volume: 54 Issue: 2 March 1998.

Pgs. 62 - 63. Central Intelligence Agency, " Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993 - 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Chain, Michelle.

USA Today. Israel Swaps Hamas Leader for two Agents. Sec. : A Pg. : 1 Col. : 6 October 7, 1997. Cooper man, Alan. US News and World Report. When Spies and Poison Go Awry.

Vol. : 123 Issue: 14 October 13, 1997. Page 42. Draper, Theodore. New York Review of Books.

Is the CIA Necessary? . Vol. : 44 Issue: 13 August 14, 1997. Pages 16 - 22. Kornbluh, Peter. Nation. Beyond the Bay of Pigs.

Vol. : 266 Issue: 15 April 27, 1998. Pages 25 - 26. Makovsky, David. US News and World Report. Israels Mossad Blushes Again.

Vol. : 124 Issue: 9 March 9, 1998. Page 39. Newsweek. A Spy in the Network. November 9, 1998. Page 2.

Persian, Joseph E. New York Times Book Review. Spy vs. Spy. Sec. : 7 Page: 15 Col. : 1. September 28, 1997.

US News and World Report. America Fights Back. August 31, 1998. Page 42. US News and World Report. The Recruiter for Hate.

August 31, 1998. Page 48. Westerby, Gerald. In Hostile Territory: Business Secrets of a Mossad Combatant. Harper Business: New York, 1998.


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Research essay sample on News And World Report Bay Of Pigs

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