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ArdipithecusHuman Evolution Human Evolution Ardipithecus radius This species was announced in September 1994. It is thought to be the oldest known hominid species. It was dated at 4. 4 million years old. The majority of the fossils found were skull fragments. Other evidence suggests that this species was bipedal. The individuals were about four feet tall.
Some fossils found indicate that radius may have been a forest dweller. The teeth resemble something between earlier apes and A. afarensis. The fossils were discovered by a team led by Tim White in Aramis Ethiopia. The find consists of 17 individuals. Australopithecus anamnesis This species was named in August 1995.
The fossils were mostly found in Kanapoi Kenya in 1988. Anamensis is thought to have existed between 4. 2 and 3. 9 million years ago. The teeth and jaws are very similar to those of older fossil apes. A partial tibia supports bipedal ity. The first fossil of this species was found in Kanapoi Kenya by Bryan Patterson. The fossil was a lower left humorous dated to be about 4. 0 million years old.
Australopithecus afarensis This species existed between 3. 9 and 3. 0 million years ago. It had an apelike face with a low forehead, a bony ridge over the eyes, a flat nose, and no chin. They had protruding jaws with large teeth. The skull is similar to that of a chimpanzee except for more human like teeth. The canines of this species were smaller than those of earlier apes but larger than humans. Their pelvis and leg bones left no doubt that they were bipedal.
They had similar hands to humans and were about 3. 5 to 5. 0 feet tall. Footprints of this species were discovered in 1978 by Paul Abel at Laetoli in Tanzania. The estimated age is 3. 7 million years old. Australopithecus africanus A. africanus lived between 3 and 2 million years ago.
Their body sizes and brain sizes were slightly larger than afarensis. The shape of their jaw was fully parabolic, like that of humans, and the canine teeth have reduced in size. This species fossils were discovered by Raymond Dart in 1924 at Thing in south Africa. The find consisted of a full face, teeth and jaws, and an endo cranial cast of the brain. It is between 2 and 3 million years old.
Australopithecus gary It is known from a partial skull that differs from previous australopithecus species in the combination of its features. They had extremely large teeth especially the rear ones. The skull was discovered by Y. Haile-Selassie in 1997 at Board in Ethiopia. It is about 2. 5 million years old. Australopithecus aethiopicus A.
aethiopicus existed between 2. 6 and 2. 3 million years ago. This species is known from the Black Skull specimen discovered by Alan Walker in 1985 near West Turkana in Kenya. The specimen is almost completely intact. It has a small cranium capacity for a hominid and has a strange combination of primitive and advanced features. This species possessed the largest sagittal crest in any known hominid.
Australopithecus robust A. robust had a body similar to africanus but a larger and more robust skull and teeth. It existed between 2 and 1. 5 million years ago. The massive grinding teeth indicate that this species had to chew tough food. The first robust fossils were discovered by a schoolboy in 1938 at Kromdraai in South Africa. Australopithecus boise This hominid existed between 2. 1 and 1. 1 million years ago and was very similar to robust, however the face and cheek teeth were larger.
Its brain size was also very similar to robust. The first boise fossils were discovered by Mary Leaky in 1959 at Olduvia Gorge in Tanzania. Homo habits H. habits existed between 2. 4 and 1. 5 million years ago. It was thought to have used tools.
The face is still primitive but it projects less than A. africanus. The back teeth are smaller but still larger than modern day humans. The brain shape is also more human like. Habits is thought to have been 5 feet tall and 100 pounds in weight. The bulge of Broca?
s area on the skull indicate the possibility of it being capable of rudimentary speech. The first habits fossils were discovered by the Leakeys in the early 1960? s at Olduvia Gorge in Tanzania. Homo erectus H. erectus existed between 1. 8 million years and 3000, 000 years ago.
The face resembles that of habits. The skeleton structure is more robust than those of modern humans. Erectus may have been more efficient at walking than modern humans. Erectus probably used fire. The first erectus fossils were discovered by Eugene Dubois in 1891 near Trinil on the Indonesian island of Java. Its age is thought to be 700, 000 years old.
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Neanderthal man lived between 230, 000 and 30, 000 years ago. The brains are larger than those of modern humans. They usually lived in cold climates and their bodies were much like those of a modern day cold-adapted human. Their skeletons showed that they endured brutally hard lives. Neanderthals are known to have buried their dead.
The first neanderthal fossils were discovered by Johann Fuhlrott in 1856 in the Neander Valley in Germany. Homo sapiens sapiens We first appeared about 120, 000 years ago. Modern humans have an average brain size of about 1350 cc. This species looks exactly like us.
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