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Example research essay topic: Perfect Example Second Wife - 2,435 words

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... ng about marriage) there are 22. 31 million males and 23. 84 million females. That is a surplus of 1. 53 million females. The ratio is then 48. 34 males to 51. 66 females - closer to a 48: 52 ratio. This introduces competition when men are restricted to one wife. Any surplus combined with monogamy has a tendency to increase the size of the effective surplus.

It goes like this... If the numbers are 49: 51 that means that there is a 2 per cent surplus. This means that 4. 08 per cent of the female population cannot marry if they want to. (According to the British figures it is actually 6. 41 per cent of women above the legal age of marriage). If they are determined it means they have to find a married man and separate him from his wife.

Otherwise, in their competition with other single women they just have to offer a better deal - which may often simply mean sex without marriage. Other women will just play the game differently - rather than marriage they will find another way of obtaining support from men - prostitution. This means that, in an allegedly monogamous society, men do not have to marry to get sex, or even female companionship. They can have prostitutes from the excess of women. They can have casual sex with the competing single women, and if they do get married they needn't be faithful because they still remain the target of that 4. 08 per cent (or higher) of the female population who Therefore, if a man does not need marriage for sex he is less inclined to get married - so the fact of an instance on monogamy works against itself. Men don't need to get married - they can carry on being single - and this means that less men are in fact available for marriage.

This in turn means that an even greater section of the female population cannot get married, and therefore faces the choice between fornication, adultery or prostitution, and so the vicious circle continues. And to these facts must be added a couple of other variable factors. Firstly, the surplus of women increases as they get older. But, in general, women tend to marry men slightly older than themselves - usually around 2 - 4 years older on average. Thus, even if their own age cohort has a 49: 51 split, the market that they are in is likely to be a 48: 52 split. In such an example, 8. 33 per cent of women cannot get married, without the extra complicating features.

And when they try their own age or younger men they are competing against younger, more attractive, more fertile, Secondly, the figures are complicated by the 'impressions' that the facts create. A significant excess of women over the number of desirable men puts them into competition even before they are of marriageable age. Once that has happened, the actual figures do not tell the whole story, as the process has a dynamic of its own. Further figures show a higher rate of both marriage and cohabitation by men.

These show that: - 32 per cent of 22. 31 million men are without partner (i. e. 7, 139, 200 approx) 39 per cent of 23. 84 million women are without a partner (i. e. 9, 297, 600 approx) Giving a surplus of 2, 158, 400 women, or 9. 05 per cent of the female population above marriageable age and 23. 2 per cent of women who are old enough to have a partner but The bare figures therefore show that while the general population follows a 49: 51 ratio, this works out at over 9 per cent of all adult women and almost a quarter of single adult women who cannot By the means outlined above a seemingly small excess of women can have a large effect on society. The availability of polygamy works against this - and so it is unsurprising to note that polygamous societies have historically had lower rates of fornication, adultery, prostitution and Polygamy was a way of life until the Quran was revealed 1400 years ago. When the earth was young and under-populated, polygamy was one way of populating it and bringing in the human beings needed to carry out God's plan. By the time the Quran was revealed, the world had been sufficiently populated, and the Quran put down the first limitations against polygamy.

Polygamy is permitted in the Quran, but under strictly observed circumstances. Any abuse of this divine permission incurs severe retribution. Thus, although polygamy is permitted by God, it behooves us to examine our circumstances carefully before saying that a particular polygamous relationship is permissible. Our perfect example here is the prophet Muhammad. He was married to one wife, Khadijah, until she died.

He had all his children, except one, from Khadijah. Thus, she and her children enjoyed the Prophet's full attention for as long as she was married to him; twenty-five years. For all practical purposes, Muhammad had one wife - from the age of 25 to 50. During the remaining 13 years of his life, he married the aged widows of his friends who left many children.

The children needed a complete home, with a fatherly figure, and the Prophet provided that. Providing a fatherly figure for orphans is the only specific circumstance in support of polygamy mentioned in the Other than marrying widowed mothers of orphans, there were three political marriages in the Prophet's life. His close friends Abu Bakr and Omar insisted that he marry their daughters, Aisha and Hafsah, to establish traditional family ties among them. The third marriage was to Maria the Egyptian; she was given to him as a political gesture of friendship from the ruler of Egypt. This perfect example tells us that a man must give his full attention and loyalty in marriage to his wife and children in order to raise a happy and The Quran emphasizes the limitations against polygamy in very strong words: "If you fear lest you may not be perfectly equitable in treating more than one wife, then you shall be content with one. " (4: 3) "You cannot be equitable in a polygamous relationship, no matter how hard you The Quranic limitations against polygamy point out the possibility of abusing God's law.

Therefore, unless we are absolutely sure that God's law will not be abused, we had better resist our lust and stay away from polygamy. If the circumstances do not dictate polygamy, we had better give our full attention to one wife and one set of children. The children's psychological and social well-being, especially in countries where polygamy is prohibited, almost invariably dictate monogamy. A few basic criteria must be observed in 1.

It must alleviate pain and suffering and not cause any pain or suffering. 2. If you have a young family, it is almost certain that polygamy is an abuse. 3. Polygamy to substitute a younger wife is an abuse of God's law (4: 19). Polygamy in Jewish History The Bible, in tolerating polygamy, gives evidence that the practice had long been an accepted social institution when these laws were written down.

In the patriarchal age polygamy is regarded as an unquestioned custom. While the Bible gives a reason for the action of Abraham in taking Hagar for an additional wife and, in the case of Jacob, for having Rachel as a wife besides Leah, it only proves that polygamy as well as concubinage, with which it was always associated, was among the mores of the ancient Hebrew people (Gen. 16: 1 - 4; 29: 23 - 28). The same attitude is revealed in the episode of Abimelech and Sarah (Gen. 20: 1 -l 3). Polygamy was such a well established part of the social system that Mosaic law is not even critical of it. We find only certain regulations with respect to it; as, for example, if a man takes a second wife the economic position of the first wife and of the children she bore must be secure; and, in the case of inheritance, no child of a subsequent marriage is to be preferred over a child from the first wife.

Other regulations were that the high priest could have only one wife and that a king in Israel should not have too many wives (Lev. 21: 13; Deut. 17: 17; Ex. 21: 10). The last injunction, however, was of no effect. David had seven wives before he began to reign in Jerusalem, and an extraordinary number of wives and concubines has been attributed to Solomon (II Sam 3: 2 - 5, 14; 5: 13). In connection with David, the prophet Nathan did not denounce the king for adding Uriah's wife to those he already had but for the means he employed to secure her (II Sam. 12: 7 - 15). However, if polygamy was not forbidden it was not directly sanctioned. It was a heritage from the past and it was left undisturbed.

As the civilization of the people reached a higher form and, especially under the teaching of the prophets, their moral and religious consciousness developed, the polygamous system gradually declined. This is noticeable in Israel after the return from the Exile. In the Second Commonwealth polygamy is far from general (cf. Tobit and Susanna). Yet it survived far into the Christian era. In the New Testament Jesus neither condemns polygamous unions nor advocates a change in the system.

From this noninterference attitude Luther, as late as the 16 th cent. , arrived at the conclusion that he could not forbid the taking of more than one wife. According to the Talmud the right to a plurality of wives is conceded, but the number of legitimate wives, as in the Koran, is limited to four. The taking of additional wives is held as sufficient ground for divorce for a woman who had previously been the sole wife. Where a polygamous union exists, provision must be made for adequate maintenance of each wife as well as a separate domicile. Throughout the Talmudic age not one rabbi is known to have had more than one wife. Monogamy was held to be the only ideal legal union; plurality of wives was a concession to time and condition.

At a later period Maimonides in his Mishneh Torah maintains, contrary to his personal opinion, that polygamous unions from a strictly legal point of view are permissible. Eventually, however, they were proscribed under the authority of Rabbi Gershom (about l 000), although cases of polygamy were found in Spain as late as the 14 th cent. That such cases were not rare may be inferred from the fact that in the Spanish communities the Kethubah, the document marking the betrothal, exacted that the man was not to take a second wife. The Islamic influence on the Jews in Spain was more or less pronounced until the expulsion at the end of the 15 th cent. In modern Europe polygamy disappeared from Jewish domestic life while among Christians it remained a tolerated privilege of royalty until very late times. In the declaration against polygamy of the Sanhedrin convoked by Napoleon in Paris, in 1805, there is no implication that modern Judaism tolerated plural marriages.

It was just an emphatic assertion that Jews had discarded the orientalism of the past and were in full accord with the culture and civilization of Western Europe. On the full moon, have ready a love incense (such as rose or musk) and a pink candle. If possible, go outside and look up at the moon, holding the candle in your power hand. Hold the candle up towards the moon and tell the Goddess what traits you would like in a lover, and most importantly, that you do want a lover. Don't use a specific person's name; THIS IS CONTROL AND ISN'T ETHICAL! Back inside, create a little altar by spreading out a pink and white cloth.

Light your love incense. You might want to play some soft or romantic music. Sit before the altar and think of the traits you want in a lover. Don't visualize Take the pink candle and lightly scratch or carve "true love" along one side of it. Set the pink candle in a sturdy, With the special someone meant for me.

Leave the candle in a safe place to burn out completely, This spell is definitely not ethical, but it is very effective. Remember that magic is a two-way street, and that you will be equally bound. Sprinkle dried white roses with almond oil and burn them inside a magic circle as you recite the spell. Add slips of paper with your names written on them if you have trouble getting the roses By all that lives on land and sea by the incoming and the outgoing by the odd numbers and the even by the power of three times three thy waking thoughts shall be of me from now throughout eternity no peace or increase shall you find until your hand is joined in mine I bind thee heart and soul and mind to me I bind thee eyes and thoughts and loins to me I bind thee to me forever with cords of velvet longing by the white rose and the rosemary by the caverns and the groves by the silence of the mountains by the chasms and the standing stones I bind thee forever to me with cords of silken danger Isis, Astarte, Ishtar Aphrodite, Venus I bind thee to me forever so mote it be. There are two kinds of union. One is temporary, for this lifetime or for part of this lifetime.

The other kind is the Eternal Marriage, which brings reunion across time, through reincarnation. The Eternal Marriage is a soul mate thing that should not be undertaken lightly - making it with the wrong person can adversely affect your karma. So can making it without reciprocation. Making it with more than one person can make for a tumultuous love life in future incarnations. Be careful. To work the spell, write both names on a piece of papyrus or good quality paper.

Bind it with red thread and burn it with herbs of Love or Venus as you recite the spell. Bury the ashes beneath a tree, or scatter them near the pyramids in Egypt. It is an Arab proverb that 'time laughs at history, but the pyramids laugh at time'. This is an eternal spell, unless you alter it.

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