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Example research essay topic: Kim Dae Jung Presidential Elections - 618 words

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9824055 Democratization In Korea Democratization 9824055 Russian and Russian Literature (Kim Suh Jin)? ? ? ? e-mail: Usually when a country goes through democratic transition there are two side which conflict during the process. The present government which wields the power and challengers from opposition parties. In South Koreas case it was the authoritarian regime and the political opposition and the opposition experienced suppression and confrontation before reaching a compromise.

The authoritarian regime has resources to obstruct or extend the democratic transition to ensure its continued political domination, which was the case in South Korea. The road to democracy is rough and the authoritarian government had to choose from repression which was costly or a compromise with democratic demands. In S. Korea after Rhee Syngman regimes fall, Jang became the prime minister. (The National Assembly changed the then presidential system to a parliamentary system). Four opposition parties were formed during the process: the Society and Peoples Party, the Association of Revolutionary Comrades, the Korea Society Party and the Social Reform party. Jang Men made plans for the economy and also proposed to cut military personnel.

He also signed a treaty with United States which gave U. S. much power. This was signed because Korea badly needed U. S. economic aid.

However this weakened Jang regime and it failed to consolidate democracy. Even though democracy had failed the yearning for democracy continued throughout the 60 s and 70 s, and students demonstrated against the authoritarian Park Chung Hee regime. In the 80 s the student demonstrations became more violent. Despite the opposition president Chun sought to postpone presidential elections and to make sure that Roh Tae Woo could win without a properly contested election. On June 29 Roh Tae Woo made an announcement on Democratic Reform. Rohs reforms included a fair and presidential elections and the release of political prisoners, at least partial freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and freedom to form political parties and this succeeded in making a concession with the opposition.

Discontent towards the authoritarian regime and popular demonstrations of support for the opposition raised the cost of reversing the momentum for a democratic transition. Also the whole worlds attention on the 1988 Seoul Olympic games played a major factor. However the most important factor for Koreas democratic breakthrough was because of the opposition party members, Kim DAe Jung and Kim Young Sam. Disagreement within the NKDP led both members to break from the NKDP. (The dispute of choosing parliamentary system or direct presidential elections).

Kim insisted on an immediate national referendum to decide between a parliamentary and a presidential system, release of all political prisoners so they could participate in the referendum, and on a restoration of the civil and political rights of opposition leader Kim Dae Jung. Roh agreed to the oppositions demand on June 29, 1987. On January 22, 1990 three parties of Roh Tae Woo, Kim Young Sam, and Kim Jong Pil announced the creation of one dominant party, the Democratic Liberal Party. Kim Young Sam successfully broke away from the radical Kim Dae Jung and guaranteed him the top executive post in the next government thus the first civilian government in South Korea. Democratization is a process that needs the consent of both the governing party and opposition party, as the case in S. Korea.

However, preventing military from entering the politics and slowly removing regionalism from S. Korea is of major concern. Even though Roh curtailed the militarys role in politics there still is a chance for it to emerge again. Also regionalism is a huge problem that affects the present political system. These are some of the problems that need to be worked out in the future.


Free research essays on topics related to: south korea, parliamentary system, presidential elections, political prisoners, kim dae jung

Research essay sample on Kim Dae Jung Presidential Elections

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