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Characteristische Und Singulaere Der Bismarckischen Reichsgruendung Essay, Characteristische Und Singulaere Der Bismarckischen Reichsgruendung Kehr here describes the unique nature of the German Reich and the way in which the state was broken down to meet its people. ? The way that the Bundesstaaten were regulated, the division of sovereignty and the dominance of Imperial Prussia and its constitutionally ratified Emperor are all anomalies and exceptions of their age, but they were not major problems to contemporary Germans. ? It is amazing how soon the German people accepted the establishment of the Reich and its unique nature? Instead, class conflict was the first of the two major issues of the age as the state became a weapon in the hands of those wishing to keep the proletariat down, the result of which was that all domestic policies had class war as their motive, agenda, cause or consequence. The way in which Germany became so class-conscious was the result of the failure of the anti-leftist measures such as the anti-socialist bill, throughout the era, and was a stand by the aristocracy and middle class against the growing tide of socialism which continued to gain ground throughout. Kehr says that of equal, although secondary, importance was the political and military dualism of Germany. ?
The autonomous army, with all its power and traditional support was a constitutionally unsupervised influence on Germany. ? Comparing the army to the old secret police forces of Russia and Germany, the independence of the army he examines as being the residue of absolutism, with the old seperation of estates and functions, the second being the conflict of Crown and parliament, and finally the means by which the Reich had been unified? war. ? Moltke?
s careful disentanglement of the army from Bismarck? s sphere of influence in the 1870 s is an important issue, as Moltke set the army firmly against the Prussian reformists and allied the army with the army? s Commander in Chief? the Kaiser. ?
Army training had as its objective? blind obedience to the Crown? . ? From the time of the Constitutional Crisis onwards, the army was maintained as a bulwark against internal strife. The army? s role within society in the Empire was thus different from the role previously. ?
Whereas the old dualism had been a weapon to win support for the Crown, and to protect it from the liberals, the Empire? s dualism reflected the class conflict that permeated the state. ? The alliance of the liberals, the conservatives and the aristocracy against the greatest of evils, socialism, led the army to assume a new role as a protector not of the Crown but of capitalist principles. ? The Reichstag? s septennial budgets were concessions to the army, but the ultimate expressions of the power of the army were the Cabinet orders of 1883, 1889 and 1899, which officially removed the army from political jurisdiction. Gerhard Ritter said that militarism could be said to be prevalent when?
the primacy of the political leadership over the military ie? of its thinking over the army? s, is endangered? . ? That every Chancellor had to wear uniform in the Reichstag is perhaps indicative of such a predominance. ?
At official occasions, Chancellor Hollweg was forced to sit with others of his rank, at the far end of the table from the Kaiser, the generals and the colonels. ? In Weller? s words? a spread of military codes, values and conduct? permeated Germany. ?
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Research essay sample on Und Singulaere Der Bismarckischen Reichsgruendung Characteristische Und Singulaere Der Bismarckischen Army
