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Example research essay topic: Brave New World Point Of View - 2,492 words

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BRAVE NEW WORLDI) Author: About Leonard Huxley was born on July 26, 1894, into a family that included some of the most distinguished members of that part of the English ruling class made up of the intellectual elite. His mother was the sister of Mrs. Humphrey Ward, the novelist; Undoubtedly, Huxley's heritage and upbringing had an effect on his work. When Huxley was 16 and a student at the prestigious school Eton, an eye illness made him nearly blind. He recovered enough vision to go on to Oxford University and graduate with honors, but not enough to fight in World War I, an important experience for many of his friends, or to do the scientific work he had dreamed of. He entered the literary world while he was at Oxford, meeting writers like Lytton Strachey and Bertrand Russell and becoming close friends with D.

H. Lawrence. Huxley published his first book, a collection of poems, in 1916. He married Maria Nys, a Belgian, in 1919. Their only child, Matthew Huxley, was born in 1920. The family divided their time between London and Europe, mostly Italy, in the 1920 s, and traveled around the world in 1925 and 1926, seeing India and making a first visit to the United States.

Huxley liked the confidence, vitality, and generous extravagance he found in American life. His experiences in fascist Italy, where Benito Mussolini led an authoritarian government that fought against birth control in order to produce enough manpower for the next war, also provided materials for Huxley's bad Utopia, as did his reading of books critical of the Soviet Union. Huxley wrote Brave New World in four months in 1931. In 1937, the Huxley's came to the United States; in 1938 they went to Hollywood, where he became a screenwriter. He remained for most of his life in California, and one of his novels caricatures what he saw as the strange life there: After Many a Summer Dies the Swan. In 1946 Huxley wrote a Foreword to Brave New World in which he said he no longer wanted to make social sanity an impossibility, as he had in the novel.

In the 1950 s Huxley became famous for his interest in psychedelic or mind-expanding drugs like mescaline and LSD, which he apparently took a dozen times over ten years. He put his beliefs in such a drug and in sanity into several books. Two, based on his experiences taking mescaline under supervision, were nonfiction: Doors of Perception (1954) and Heaven and Hell (1956). Another work centering on drugs and sanity was Island (1962), a novel that required 20 years of thought and five years of writing. Among other things, Island was an antidote to Brave New World, a good Utopia. Huxley produced 47 books in his long career as a writer.

The books he wrote that are most read and best remembered today are all novelsCrome Yellow, Antic Hay, and Point Counter Point from the 1920 s, Brave New World and After Many a Summer Dies the Swan from the 1930 s. In 1959 the American Academy of Arts and Letters gave him the Award of Merit for the Novel, a prize given every five years; earlier recipients had been Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Mann, and Theodore Dreiser. Huxley remained nearly blind all his life. Maria Huxley died in 1955, and Huxley married Laura Archer a year later. He died November 22, 1963, the same day that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated.

He was cremated, and his ashes were buried in his parents grave in England. II) Themes: Throughout Brave New World you can see evidence of an ambivalent attitude toward such authority assumed by a ruling class. Like the England of his day, Huxley's Utopia possesses a rigid class structure, one even stronger than England's because it is biologically and chemically engineered and psychologically conditioned. And the members of Brave New Worlds ruling class certainly believe they possess the right to make everyone happy by denying them love and freedom.

In utopian civilization, the people are isolated from one another, divided into five different classes. The classes range from the Alphas, the Betas, the Gammas, the Deltas and finally, the Epsilons. The members of each class are ranked according to their mental capacity and physical appearance. During the D. H. C.

s lecture to his students he tells them how by depriving certain embryos of oxygen will affect their stature. This conditioning is how the utopian society eliminated the problem of unhappiness. First of all, each class is conditioned to love their ranking and to realize that everyone is important and is indispensable to the society. The important thing here is that the lower classes are not jealous of the superior classes but even believe that their work is too tiring for them. The mental inferiority is very important for the survival of the utopian society.

If the lower classes got too smart they would want to move up in life and that would ruin the stability of the society. Another precaution taken to prevent chaos to the society is the restraint of history, culture and art to the utopian civilization. Education to us leads to knowledge and for us knowledge is power and power runs the world. However for them there is no need for education because they do not need power. Power will not get them any farther in life then what is already written out for them. The only kind of books in Brave New World accessible to the public are reference books.

Books with opinions and emotions are non-existing. This discretion is needed because those types of books could challenge the hypnopaedic propaganda served to the people. The hypnopaedia was given for a reason, it is the tool used to stabilize the society. If stability is threatened so will be the utopian world. Bernard Marx and Helmholtz Watson, both members of the elite class, have problems because theyre different from their peers. Huxley felt that heredity made each individual unique, and the uniqueness of the individual was essential to freedom.

Like his family, and like the Alphas of Brave New World, Huxley felt a moral obligation but it was the obligation to fight the idea that happiness could be achieved through class-instituted slavery of even the most benevolent kind. His mothers death from cancer when he was 14 marked him. You can see the influence of his loss in Brave New World. The Utopians go to great lengths to deny the unpleasantness of death, and to find perpetual happiness.

But the cost is very great. By denying themselves unpleasant emotions they deny themselves deeply joyous ones as well. Their happiness can be continued endlessly by taking the drug soma by making love, or by playing Obstacle Golf, but this happiness is essentially shallow. Huxley deplored the drug he called soma in Brave New World half tranquilizer, half intoxicant which produces an artificial happiness that makes people content with their lack of freedom.

Standing in contrast to the Utopians are the Savages on the Reservation in New Mexico: poor, dirty, subject to the ills of old age and painful death, but, Huxley seems to believe, blessed with a happiness that while still transient is deeper and more real than that enjoyed by the inhabitants of London and the rest of the World State. He also worried about the dangers that threatened sanity. In 1958, he published Brave New World Revisited, a set of essays on real-life problems and ideas youll find in the novel overpopulation, over organization, and psychological techniques from salesmanship to hypnopaedia, or sleep-teaching. Theyre all tools that a government can abuse to deprive people of freedom, an abuse that Huxley wanted people to fight. Religion plays an important role in peoples lives.

It represents our principles and values. Religion guides us, gives us something to believe in and a set of rules to live by. In the utopian society everyone is raised and conditioned the same way abolishing the bad apples in our society. Monogamy is discouraged by the utopian society and considered improper. This restrains peoples from getting too emotionally involved and putting their loved ones needs before the society's.

In the utopian society, everyone belongs to everyone else. One might easily point out that these precautions are too extreme. But one thing that can not be ignored is that in Brave New World there is no war, no diseases and no old age. For people in our world that would be utopia. In the utopian society. Thanks to their conditioning, nobody even considers fighting.

And if ever anyone gets angry or depressed, there is always soma. In our world soma would be seen as a drug and should not be used. Our alcohol is their soma except for the fact that soma has no side-effects. III) Characters: Mustapha Mond, one of the most powerful world-controllers, is saying that with the evolution of time the need for religion has disappeared and has been replaced by the worship of another God who is Ford. Mustapha Mond controls the thoughts, emotions and happiness of the people.

Bernard Marx is an alpha-plus and therefore should be living the good life. But even though his mental status is that of an Alpha-plus, his physical appearance is similar to that of an Epsilon. He quickly becomes an outcast and does not get along with the opposite sex. Bernard criticizes the utopian civilization until he discovers John the Savage in the savage reservation and introduces him to society. Bernard then becomes somewhat of a celebrity and quite popular among the ladies. At that point, Bernard is always bragging about how many girls he has slept with and stops his complaining about the utopian life.

All this proves that if someone hadnt made that mistake, Bernard would not have become an outcast, women would have liked him and he would have liked this world. Bernard Marx is an exception of bad conditioning, his life should have been different from the start. Helmholtz Watson also does not like the utopian civilization. The problem with him is they let they him get too smart.

That led him to want a better life, a dream he felt was unobtainable in Utopia. Once again, if his conditioning had been done right and his intelligence had been controlled, he would not have had a problem with his world. John the Savage is the third character unhappy in Utopia. As a matter of fact, he should not even be considered as an unhappy civilian because he was not raised in the utopian civilization but in the savage reservation.

He does not like it because he was not conditioned to be happy with who he is. In the savage reservation, he learned about God, religion and freedom, all things which are not taught in Utopia. His values are different from a utopians. For instance, he beats himself with a rope to get a good harvest, which proves that a person can not judge others through his or her own values but through theirs. He is the son of the Director and a Beta, who comes back with John to Brave New World after years she spent being unexpected by the savages who didn t see more than a prostitute in her. She can t deal with BNW anymore and finally dies because of a soma-overdose.

Lenina, a Beta, who is a pretty, popular young women who perfectly fits into BNW. She likes Bernard but also John who replies her feelings somehow but can t understand her point of view dealing with sexuality and monogamy. IV) Plot: We are in the year 632 n. F. : A group of students are guided through a factory where people are mass produced via the Bokanowsky -process into a strict class-structure (from Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas to Epsilons). From the very beginning children are confronted with the slogan: Unity, Community and Stability. They grow up without parents and love and are programmed to behave in a certain way.

They are made to hate books (in order to prevent them from thinking) by giving babies elektro-shocks and get slowly accustomed to free sexuality. Mustafa Mond is one of the world controllers having supreme power over peoples life by influencing their minds. Lenina, a typical Beta-women, having affairs with lots of different guys is interested in Bernard who is different in many ways from all the other Alphas because of his appearance. He feels inferior and insecure because of it.

His only companion is Helmholtz who isn t happy about his life either but because of different reasons: he is an author suffering from not being able to publish his deepest thoughts. Bernard is chosen to go to a savage-reserved because he didn t obey the rules. He takes Lenina there. In Malpais they meet John and his mother who had an affair with the Director who sent Bernard away because he didn t fit into BNW. Marx realizes that John is the son of the Director which gives him, Marx, a good opportunity to go back to BNW and confront the Director with his dirty past. John and his mother never got accepted by the savages.

But he learned about religion, art and literature in the reserved which makes him an extraordinary person. He s ready to go back to BNW because of the glorious things his mother told him about it. When Bernard, Lenina, John and his mother return Marx becomes really popular because of bringing a savage to civilization. And by that he destroys the Director because of telling the world that he s a father. John can t conform with BNW.

He is attracted to Lenina somehow but despises her superficial point of view concerning relationships and love. The savage finds a friend in Helmholtz who shares his love for poetry and literature. But it won t take too long till John totally breaks down. The first step is the death of his mother because of a soma-overdose. John is devastated about it and condemns the use of this drug.

He tries to open peoples eyes by rioting during a soma-distribution but they are all unable to see his point. Meanwhile Bernard and Helmholtz are exiled to an island because of their immoral attitudes. John can t stand it anymore. He flees to a lighthouse where he tries to find himself and his inner-balance through self-punishment. But this is observed by a bunch of people who can t understand the deeper meaning of it. Lenina comes to watch too and John whips her to death in ecstasy.

When he realizes what he has done he sees no other way out than commiting suicide. V) Personal statement: I enjoyed reading the novel Brave New World because it is like no other in fantasy and satire. It predicts a future overpowered by technology where the people have no religion. He unmasks the perfect world Utopia.


Free research essays on topics related to: point of view, brave new world, john the savage, bernard marx, mustapha mond

Research essay sample on Brave New World Point Of View

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